visus
/
toolchain-gcc-arm-embedded

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".

Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
 -->
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>CR16 Operand Qualifiers (Using as)</title>

<meta name="description" content="CR16 Operand Qualifiers (Using as)">
<meta name="keywords" content="CR16 Operand Qualifiers (Using as)">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
<link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index">
<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
<link href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" rel="up" title="CR16-Dependent">
<link href="CR16-Syntax.html#CR16-Syntax" rel="next" title="CR16 Syntax">
<link href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" rel="prev" title="CR16-Dependent">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
kbd {font-style: oblique}
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
-->
</style>


</head>

<body lang="en">
<a name="CR16-Operand-Qualifiers"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="CR16-Syntax.html#CR16-Syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">CR16 Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">CR16-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="CR16-Operand-Qualifiers-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.8.1 CR16 Operand Qualifiers</h4>
<a name="index-CR16-Operand-Qualifiers"></a>

<p>The National Semiconductor CR16 target of <code>as</code> has a few machine dependent operand qualifiers.
</p>
<p>Operand expression type qualifier is an optional field in the instruction operand, to determines the type of the expression field of an operand. The <code>@</code> is required. CR16 architecture uses one of the following expression qualifiers:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>s</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as small</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>m</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as medium</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>l</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as large</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>c</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CR16 Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, where pc has implied bit, the expression is adjusted accordingly. The linker uses the relocation entry to update the operand address at link time.</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>got/GOT</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CR16 Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, offset from Global Offset Table. The linker uses this relocation entry to update the operand address at link time</code>
</p></dd>
<dt><code>cgot/cGOT</code></dt>
<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CompactRISC Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, where pc has implied bit, the expression is adjusted accordingly. The linker uses the relocation entry to update the operand address at link time.</code>
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>CR16 target operand qualifiers and its size (in bits):
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Immediate Operand: s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>4 bits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Immediate Operand: m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>16 bits, for movb and movw instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Immediate Operand: m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>20 bits, movd instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Immediate Operand: l</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>32 bits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Absolute Operand: s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Illegal specifier for this operand.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Absolute Operand: m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>20 bits, movd instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Displacement Operand: s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>8 bits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Displacement Operand: m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>16 bits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp>Displacement Operand: l</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>24 bits.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>For example:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">1   <code>movw $_myfun@c,r1</code>

    This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into r1.

2   <code>movd $_myfun@c,(r2,r1)</code>

    This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into register-pair r2-r1.

3   <code>_myfun_ptr:</code>
    <code>.long _myfun@c</code>
    <code>loadd _myfun_ptr, (r1,r0)</code>
    <code>jal (r1,r0)</code>

    This .long directive, the address of _myfunc, shifted right by 1 at link time.

4   <code>loadd  _data1@GOT(r12), (r1,r0)</code>

    This loads the address of _data1, into global offset table (ie GOT) and its offset value from GOT loads into register-pair r2-r1.

5   <code>loadd  _myfunc@cGOT(r12), (r1,r0)</code>

    This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into global offset table (ie GOT) and its offset value from GOT loads into register-pair r1-r0.
</pre></div>

<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="CR16-Syntax.html#CR16-Syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">CR16 Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">CR16-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>


</body>
</html>