17.8.5 Constraints for Particular Machines

Whenever possible, you should use the general-purpose constraint letters in asm arguments, since they will convey meaning more readily to people reading your code. Failing that, use the constraint letters that usually have very similar meanings across architectures. The most commonly used constraints are ‘m’ and ‘r’ (for memory and general-purpose registers respectively; see Simple Constraints), and ‘I’, usually the letter indicating the most common immediate-constant format.

Each architecture defines additional constraints. These constraints are used by the compiler itself for instruction generation, as well as for asm statements; therefore, some of the constraints are not particularly useful for asm. Here is a summary of some of the machine-dependent constraints available on some particular machines; it includes both constraints that are useful for asm and constraints that aren’t. The compiler source file mentioned in the table heading for each architecture is the definitive reference for the meanings of that architecture’s constraints.

AArch64 family—config/aarch64/constraints.md

k

The stack pointer register (SP)

w

Floating point register, Advanced SIMD vector register or SVE vector register

x

Like w, but restricted to registers 0 to 15 inclusive.

y

Like w, but restricted to registers 0 to 7 inclusive.

Upl

One of the low eight SVE predicate registers (P0 to P7)

Upa

Any of the SVE predicate registers (P0 to P15)

I

Integer constant that is valid as an immediate operand in an ADD instruction

J

Integer constant that is valid as an immediate operand in a SUB instruction (once negated)

K

Integer constant that can be used with a 32-bit logical instruction

L

Integer constant that can be used with a 64-bit logical instruction

M

Integer constant that is valid as an immediate operand in a 32-bit MOV pseudo instruction. The MOV may be assembled to one of several different machine instructions depending on the value

N

Integer constant that is valid as an immediate operand in a 64-bit MOV pseudo instruction

S

An absolute symbolic address or a label reference

Y

Floating point constant zero

Z

Integer constant zero

Ush

The high part (bits 12 and upwards) of the pc-relative address of a symbol within 4GB of the instruction

Q

A memory address which uses a single base register with no offset

Ump

A memory address suitable for a load/store pair instruction in SI, DI, SF and DF modes

AMD GCN —config/gcn/constraints.md

I

Immediate integer in the range -16 to 64

J

Immediate 16-bit signed integer

Kf

Immediate constant -1

L

Immediate 15-bit unsigned integer

A

Immediate constant that can be inlined in an instruction encoding: integer -16..64, or float 0.0, +/-0.5, +/-1.0, +/-2.0, +/-4.0, 1.0/(2.0*PI)

B

Immediate 32-bit signed integer that can be attached to an instruction encoding

C

Immediate 32-bit integer in range -16..4294967295 (i.e. 32-bit unsigned integer or ‘A’ constraint)

DA

Immediate 64-bit constant that can be split into two ‘A’ constants

DB

Immediate 64-bit constant that can be split into two ‘B’ constants

U

Any unspec

Y

Any symbol_ref or label_ref

v

VGPR register

Sg

SGPR register

SD

SGPR registers valid for instruction destinations, including VCC, M0 and EXEC

SS

SGPR registers valid for instruction sources, including VCC, M0, EXEC and SCC

Sm

SGPR registers valid as a source for scalar memory instructions (excludes M0 and EXEC)

Sv

SGPR registers valid as a source or destination for vector instructions (excludes EXEC)

ca

All condition registers: SCC, VCCZ, EXECZ

cs

Scalar condition register: SCC

cV

Vector condition register: VCC, VCC_LO, VCC_HI

e

EXEC register (EXEC_LO and EXEC_HI)

RB

Memory operand with address space suitable for buffer_* instructions

RF

Memory operand with address space suitable for flat_* instructions

RS

Memory operand with address space suitable for s_* instructions

RL

Memory operand with address space suitable for ds_* LDS instructions

RG

Memory operand with address space suitable for ds_* GDS instructions

RD

Memory operand with address space suitable for any ds_* instructions

RM

Memory operand with address space suitable for global_* instructions

ARC —config/arc/constraints.md

q

Registers usable in ARCompact 16-bit instructions: r0-r3, r12-r15. This constraint can only match when the -mq option is in effect.

e

Registers usable as base-regs of memory addresses in ARCompact 16-bit memory instructions: r0-r3, r12-r15, sp. This constraint can only match when the -mq option is in effect.

D

ARC FPX (dpfp) 64-bit registers. D0, D1.

I

A signed 12-bit integer constant.

Cal

constant for arithmetic/logical operations. This might be any constant that can be put into a long immediate by the assmbler or linker without involving a PIC relocation.

K

A 3-bit unsigned integer constant.

L

A 6-bit unsigned integer constant.

CnL

One’s complement of a 6-bit unsigned integer constant.

CmL

Two’s complement of a 6-bit unsigned integer constant.

M

A 5-bit unsigned integer constant.

O

A 7-bit unsigned integer constant.

P

A 8-bit unsigned integer constant.

H

Any const_double value.

ARM family—config/arm/constraints.md

h

In Thumb state, the core registers r8-r15.

k

The stack pointer register.

l

In Thumb State the core registers r0-r7. In ARM state this is an alias for the r constraint.

t

VFP floating-point registers s0-s31. Used for 32 bit values.

w

VFP floating-point registers d0-d31 and the appropriate subset d0-d15 based on command line options. Used for 64 bit values only. Not valid for Thumb1.

y

The iWMMX co-processor registers.

z

The iWMMX GR registers.

G

The floating-point constant 0.0

I

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in a data processing instruction. That is, an integer in the range 0 to 255 rotated by a multiple of 2

J

Integer in the range -4095 to 4095

K

Integer that satisfies constraint ‘I’ when inverted (ones complement)

L

Integer that satisfies constraint ‘I’ when negated (twos complement)

M

Integer in the range 0 to 32

Q

A memory reference where the exact address is in a single register (‘‘m’’ is preferable for asm statements)

R

An item in the constant pool

S

A symbol in the text segment of the current file

Uv

A memory reference suitable for VFP load/store insns (reg+constant offset)

Uy

A memory reference suitable for iWMMXt load/store instructions.

Uq

A memory reference suitable for the ARMv4 ldrsb instruction.

AVR family—config/avr/constraints.md

l

Registers from r0 to r15

a

Registers from r16 to r23

d

Registers from r16 to r31

w

Registers from r24 to r31. These registers can be used in ‘adiw’ command

e

Pointer register (r26–r31)

b

Base pointer register (r28–r31)

q

Stack pointer register (SPH:SPL)

t

Temporary register r0

x

Register pair X (r27:r26)

y

Register pair Y (r29:r28)

z

Register pair Z (r31:r30)

I

Constant greater than -1, less than 64

J

Constant greater than -64, less than 1

K

Constant integer 2

L

Constant integer 0

M

Constant that fits in 8 bits

N

Constant integer -1

O

Constant integer 8, 16, or 24

P

Constant integer 1

G

A floating point constant 0.0

Q

A memory address based on Y or Z pointer with displacement.

Blackfin family—config/bfin/constraints.md

a

P register

d

D register

z

A call clobbered P register.

qn

A single register. If n is in the range 0 to 7, the corresponding D register. If it is A, then the register P0.

D

Even-numbered D register

W

Odd-numbered D register

e

Accumulator register.

A

Even-numbered accumulator register.

B

Odd-numbered accumulator register.

b

I register

v

B register

f

M register

c

Registers used for circular buffering, i.e. I, B, or L registers.

C

The CC register.

t

LT0 or LT1.

k

LC0 or LC1.

u

LB0 or LB1.

x

Any D, P, B, M, I or L register.

y

Additional registers typically used only in prologues and epilogues: RETS, RETN, RETI, RETX, RETE, ASTAT, SEQSTAT and USP.

w

Any register except accumulators or CC.

Ksh

Signed 16 bit integer (in the range -32768 to 32767)

Kuh

Unsigned 16 bit integer (in the range 0 to 65535)

Ks7

Signed 7 bit integer (in the range -64 to 63)

Ku7

Unsigned 7 bit integer (in the range 0 to 127)

Ku5

Unsigned 5 bit integer (in the range 0 to 31)

Ks4

Signed 4 bit integer (in the range -8 to 7)

Ks3

Signed 3 bit integer (in the range -3 to 4)

Ku3

Unsigned 3 bit integer (in the range 0 to 7)

Pn

Constant n, where n is a single-digit constant in the range 0 to 4.

PA

An integer equal to one of the MACFLAG_XXX constants that is suitable for use with either accumulator.

PB

An integer equal to one of the MACFLAG_XXX constants that is suitable for use only with accumulator A1.

M1

Constant 255.

M2

Constant 65535.

J

An integer constant with exactly a single bit set.

L

An integer constant with all bits set except exactly one.

H

Q

Any SYMBOL_REF.

CR16 Architecture—config/cr16/cr16.h

b

Registers from r0 to r14 (registers without stack pointer)

t

Register from r0 to r11 (all 16-bit registers)

p

Register from r12 to r15 (all 32-bit registers)

I

Signed constant that fits in 4 bits

J

Signed constant that fits in 5 bits

K

Signed constant that fits in 6 bits

L

Unsigned constant that fits in 4 bits

M

Signed constant that fits in 32 bits

N

Check for 64 bits wide constants for add/sub instructions

G

Floating point constant that is legal for store immediate

C-SKY—config/csky/constraints.md

a

The mini registers r0 - r7.

b

The low registers r0 - r15.

c

C register.

y

HI and LO registers.

l

LO register.

h

HI register.

v

Vector registers.

z

Stack pointer register (SP).

The C-SKY back end supports a large set of additional constraints that are only useful for instruction selection or splitting rather than inline asm, such as constraints representing constant integer ranges accepted by particular instruction encodings. Refer to the source code for details.

Epiphany—config/epiphany/constraints.md

U16

An unsigned 16-bit constant.

K

An unsigned 5-bit constant.

L

A signed 11-bit constant.

Cm1

A signed 11-bit constant added to -1. Can only match when the -m1reg-reg option is active.

Cl1

Left-shift of -1, i.e., a bit mask with a block of leading ones, the rest being a block of trailing zeroes. Can only match when the -m1reg-reg option is active.

Cr1

Right-shift of -1, i.e., a bit mask with a trailing block of ones, the rest being zeroes. Or to put it another way, one less than a power of two. Can only match when the -m1reg-reg option is active.

Cal

Constant for arithmetic/logical operations. This is like i, except that for position independent code, no symbols / expressions needing relocations are allowed.

Csy

Symbolic constant for call/jump instruction.

Rcs

The register class usable in short insns. This is a register class constraint, and can thus drive register allocation. This constraint won’t match unless -mprefer-short-insn-regs is in effect.

Rsc

The the register class of registers that can be used to hold a sibcall call address. I.e., a caller-saved register.

Rct

Core control register class.

Rgs

The register group usable in short insns. This constraint does not use a register class, so that it only passively matches suitable registers, and doesn’t drive register allocation.

Car

Constant suitable for the addsi3_r pattern. This is a valid offset For byte, halfword, or word addressing.

Rra

Matches the return address if it can be replaced with the link register.

Rcc

Matches the integer condition code register.

Sra

Matches the return address if it is in a stack slot.

Cfm

Matches control register values to switch fp mode, which are encapsulated in UNSPEC_FP_MODE.

FRV—config/frv/frv.h

a

Register in the class ACC_REGS (acc0 to acc7).

b

Register in the class EVEN_ACC_REGS (acc0 to acc7).

c

Register in the class CC_REGS (fcc0 to fcc3 and icc0 to icc3).

d

Register in the class GPR_REGS (gr0 to gr63).

e

Register in the class EVEN_REGS (gr0 to gr63). Odd registers are excluded not in the class but through the use of a machine mode larger than 4 bytes.

f

Register in the class FPR_REGS (fr0 to fr63).

h

Register in the class FEVEN_REGS (fr0 to fr63). Odd registers are excluded not in the class but through the use of a machine mode larger than 4 bytes.

l

Register in the class LR_REG (the lr register).

q

Register in the class QUAD_REGS (gr2 to gr63). Register numbers not divisible by 4 are excluded not in the class but through the use of a machine mode larger than 8 bytes.

t

Register in the class ICC_REGS (icc0 to icc3).

u

Register in the class FCC_REGS (fcc0 to fcc3).

v

Register in the class ICR_REGS (cc4 to cc7).

w

Register in the class FCR_REGS (cc0 to cc3).

x

Register in the class QUAD_FPR_REGS (fr0 to fr63). Register numbers not divisible by 4 are excluded not in the class but through the use of a machine mode larger than 8 bytes.

z

Register in the class SPR_REGS (lcr and lr).

A

Register in the class QUAD_ACC_REGS (acc0 to acc7).

B

Register in the class ACCG_REGS (accg0 to accg7).

C

Register in the class CR_REGS (cc0 to cc7).

G

Floating point constant zero

I

6-bit signed integer constant

J

10-bit signed integer constant

L

16-bit signed integer constant

M

16-bit unsigned integer constant

N

12-bit signed integer constant that is negative—i.e. in the range of -2048 to -1

O

Constant zero

P

12-bit signed integer constant that is greater than zero—i.e. in the range of 1 to 2047.

FT32—config/ft32/constraints.md

A

An absolute address

B

An offset address

W

A register indirect memory operand

e

An offset address.

f

An offset address.

O

The constant zero or one

I

A 16-bit signed constant (-32768 … 32767)

w

A bitfield mask suitable for bext or bins

x

An inverted bitfield mask suitable for bext or bins

L

A 16-bit unsigned constant, multiple of 4 (0 … 65532)

S

A 20-bit signed constant (-524288 … 524287)

b

A constant for a bitfield width (1 … 16)

KA

A 10-bit signed constant (-512 … 511)

Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC—config/pa/pa.h

a

General register 1

f

Floating point register

q

Shift amount register

x

Floating point register (deprecated)

y

Upper floating point register (32-bit), floating point register (64-bit)

Z

Any register

I

Signed 11-bit integer constant

J

Signed 14-bit integer constant

K

Integer constant that can be deposited with a zdepi instruction

L

Signed 5-bit integer constant

M

Integer constant 0

N

Integer constant that can be loaded with a ldil instruction

O

Integer constant whose value plus one is a power of 2

P

Integer constant that can be used for and operations in depi and extru instructions

S

Integer constant 31

U

Integer constant 63

G

Floating-point constant 0.0

A

A lo_sum data-linkage-table memory operand

Q

A memory operand that can be used as the destination operand of an integer store instruction

R

A scaled or unscaled indexed memory operand

T

A memory operand for floating-point loads and stores

W

A register indirect memory operand

Intel IA-64—config/ia64/ia64.h

a

General register r0 to r3 for addl instruction

b

Branch register

c

Predicate register (‘c’ as in “conditional”)

d

Application register residing in M-unit

e

Application register residing in I-unit

f

Floating-point register

m

Memory operand. If used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’, the operand can have postincrement and postdecrement which require printing with ‘%Pn’ on IA-64.

G

Floating-point constant 0.0 or 1.0

I

14-bit signed integer constant

J

22-bit signed integer constant

K

8-bit signed integer constant for logical instructions

L

8-bit adjusted signed integer constant for compare pseudo-ops

M

6-bit unsigned integer constant for shift counts

N

9-bit signed integer constant for load and store postincrements

O

The constant zero

P

0 or -1 for dep instruction

Q

Non-volatile memory for floating-point loads and stores

R

Integer constant in the range 1 to 4 for shladd instruction

S

Memory operand except postincrement and postdecrement. This is now roughly the same as ‘m’ when not used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’.

M32C—config/m32c/m32c.c

Rsp

Rfb

Rsb

‘$sp’, ‘$fb’, ‘$sb’.

Rcr

Any control register, when they’re 16 bits wide (nothing if control registers are 24 bits wide)

Rcl

Any control register, when they’re 24 bits wide.

R0w

R1w

R2w

R3w

$r0, $r1, $r2, $r3.

R02

$r0 or $r2, or $r2r0 for 32 bit values.

R13

$r1 or $r3, or $r3r1 for 32 bit values.

Rdi

A register that can hold a 64 bit value.

Rhl

$r0 or $r1 (registers with addressable high/low bytes)

R23

$r2 or $r3

Raa

Address registers

Raw

Address registers when they’re 16 bits wide.

Ral

Address registers when they’re 24 bits wide.

Rqi

Registers that can hold QI values.

Rad

Registers that can be used with displacements ($a0, $a1, $sb).

Rsi

Registers that can hold 32 bit values.

Rhi

Registers that can hold 16 bit values.

Rhc

Registers chat can hold 16 bit values, including all control registers.

Rra

$r0 through R1, plus $a0 and $a1.

Rfl

The flags register.

Rmm

The memory-based pseudo-registers $mem0 through $mem15.

Rpi

Registers that can hold pointers (16 bit registers for r8c, m16c; 24 bit registers for m32cm, m32c).

Rpa

Matches multiple registers in a PARALLEL to form a larger register. Used to match function return values.

Is3

-8 … 7

IS1

-128 … 127

IS2

-32768 … 32767

IU2

0 … 65535

In4

-8 … -1 or 1 … 8

In5

-16 … -1 or 1 … 16

In6

-32 … -1 or 1 … 32

IM2

-65536 … -1

Ilb

An 8 bit value with exactly one bit set.

Ilw

A 16 bit value with exactly one bit set.

Sd

The common src/dest memory addressing modes.

Sa

Memory addressed using $a0 or $a1.

Si

Memory addressed with immediate addresses.

Ss

Memory addressed using the stack pointer ($sp).

Sf

Memory addressed using the frame base register ($fb).

Ss

Memory addressed using the small base register ($sb).

S1

$r1h

MicroBlaze—config/microblaze/constraints.md

d

A general register (r0 to r31).

z

A status register (rmsr, $fcc1 to $fcc7).

MIPS—config/mips/constraints.md

d

A general-purpose register. This is equivalent to r unless generating MIPS16 code, in which case the MIPS16 register set is used.

f

A floating-point register (if available).

h

Formerly the hi register. This constraint is no longer supported.

l

The lo register. Use this register to store values that are no bigger than a word.

x

The concatenated hi and lo registers. Use this register to store doubleword values.

c

A register suitable for use in an indirect jump. This will always be $25 for -mabicalls.

v

Register $3. Do not use this constraint in new code; it is retained only for compatibility with glibc.

y

Equivalent to r; retained for backwards compatibility.

z

A floating-point condition code register.

I

A signed 16-bit constant (for arithmetic instructions).

J

Integer zero.

K

An unsigned 16-bit constant (for logic instructions).

L

A signed 32-bit constant in which the lower 16 bits are zero. Such constants can be loaded using lui.

M

A constant that cannot be loaded using lui, addiu or ori.

N

A constant in the range -65535 to -1 (inclusive).

O

A signed 15-bit constant.

P

A constant in the range 1 to 65535 (inclusive).

G

Floating-point zero.

R

An address that can be used in a non-macro load or store.

ZC

A memory operand whose address is formed by a base register and offset that is suitable for use in instructions with the same addressing mode as ll and sc.

ZD

An address suitable for a prefetch instruction, or for any other instruction with the same addressing mode as prefetch.

Motorola 680x0—config/m68k/constraints.md

a

Address register

d

Data register

f

68881 floating-point register, if available

I

Integer in the range 1 to 8

J

16-bit signed number

K

Signed number whose magnitude is greater than 0x80

L

Integer in the range -8 to -1

M

Signed number whose magnitude is greater than 0x100

N

Range 24 to 31, rotatert:SI 8 to 1 expressed as rotate

O

16 (for rotate using swap)

P

Range 8 to 15, rotatert:HI 8 to 1 expressed as rotate

R

Numbers that mov3q can handle

G

Floating point constant that is not a 68881 constant

S

Operands that satisfy ’m’ when -mpcrel is in effect

T

Operands that satisfy ’s’ when -mpcrel is not in effect

Q

Address register indirect addressing mode

U

Register offset addressing

W

const_call_operand

Cs

symbol_ref or const

Ci

const_int

C0

const_int 0

Cj

Range of signed numbers that don’t fit in 16 bits

Cmvq

Integers valid for mvq

Capsw

Integers valid for a moveq followed by a swap

Cmvz

Integers valid for mvz

Cmvs

Integers valid for mvs

Ap

push_operand

Ac

Non-register operands allowed in clr

Moxie—config/moxie/constraints.md

A

An absolute address

B

An offset address

W

A register indirect memory operand

I

A constant in the range of 0 to 255.

N

A constant in the range of 0 to -255.

MSP430–config/msp430/constraints.md

R12

Register R12.

R13

Register R13.

K

Integer constant 1.

L

Integer constant -1^20..1^19.

M

Integer constant 1-4.

Ya

Memory references which do not require an extended MOVX instruction.

Yl

Memory reference, labels only.

Ys

Memory reference, stack only.

NDS32—config/nds32/constraints.md

w

LOW register class $r0 to $r7 constraint for V3/V3M ISA.

l

LOW register class $r0 to $r7.

d

MIDDLE register class $r0 to $r11, $r16 to $r19.

h

HIGH register class $r12 to $r14, $r20 to $r31.

t

Temporary assist register $ta (i.e. $r15).

k

Stack register $sp.

Iu03

Unsigned immediate 3-bit value.

In03

Negative immediate 3-bit value in the range of -7–0.

Iu04

Unsigned immediate 4-bit value.

Is05

Signed immediate 5-bit value.

Iu05

Unsigned immediate 5-bit value.

In05

Negative immediate 5-bit value in the range of -31–0.

Ip05

Unsigned immediate 5-bit value for movpi45 instruction with range 16–47.

Iu06

Unsigned immediate 6-bit value constraint for addri36.sp instruction.

Iu08

Unsigned immediate 8-bit value.

Iu09

Unsigned immediate 9-bit value.

Is10

Signed immediate 10-bit value.

Is11

Signed immediate 11-bit value.

Is15

Signed immediate 15-bit value.

Iu15

Unsigned immediate 15-bit value.

Ic15

A constant which is not in the range of imm15u but ok for bclr instruction.

Ie15

A constant which is not in the range of imm15u but ok for bset instruction.

It15

A constant which is not in the range of imm15u but ok for btgl instruction.

Ii15

A constant whose compliment value is in the range of imm15u and ok for bitci instruction.

Is16

Signed immediate 16-bit value.

Is17

Signed immediate 17-bit value.

Is19

Signed immediate 19-bit value.

Is20

Signed immediate 20-bit value.

Ihig

The immediate value that can be simply set high 20-bit.

Izeb

The immediate value 0xff.

Izeh

The immediate value 0xffff.

Ixls

The immediate value 0x01.

Ix11

The immediate value 0x7ff.

Ibms

The immediate value with power of 2.

Ifex

The immediate value with power of 2 minus 1.

U33

Memory constraint for 333 format.

U45

Memory constraint for 45 format.

U37

Memory constraint for 37 format.

Nios II family—config/nios2/constraints.md

I

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in an instruction taking a signed 16-bit number. Range -32768 to 32767.

J

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in an instruction taking an unsigned 16-bit number. Range 0 to 65535.

K

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in an instruction taking only the upper 16-bits of a 32-bit number. Range 32-bit numbers with the lower 16-bits being 0.

L

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand for a shift instruction. Range 0 to 31.

M

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand for only the value 0. Can be used in conjunction with the format modifier z to use r0 instead of 0 in the assembly output.

N

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand for a custom instruction opcode. Range 0 to 255.

P

An immediate operand for R2 andchi/andci instructions.

S

Matches immediates which are addresses in the small data section and therefore can be added to gp as a 16-bit immediate to re-create their 32-bit value.

U

Matches constants suitable as an operand for the rdprs and cache instructions.

v

A memory operand suitable for Nios II R2 load/store exclusive instructions.

w

A memory operand suitable for load/store IO and cache instructions.

T

A const wrapped UNSPEC expression, representing a supported PIC or TLS relocation.

OpenRISC—config/or1k/constraints.md

I

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in an instruction taking a signed 16-bit number. Range -32768 to 32767.

K

Integer that is valid as an immediate operand in an instruction taking an unsigned 16-bit number. Range 0 to 65535.

M

Signed 16-bit constant shifted left 16 bits. (Used with l.movhi)

O

Zero

c

Register usable for sibcalls.

PDP-11—config/pdp11/constraints.md

a

Floating point registers AC0 through AC3. These can be loaded from/to memory with a single instruction.

d

Odd numbered general registers (R1, R3, R5). These are used for 16-bit multiply operations.

D

A memory reference that is encoded within the opcode, but not auto-increment or auto-decrement.

f

Any of the floating point registers (AC0 through AC5).

G

Floating point constant 0.

h

Floating point registers AC4 and AC5. These cannot be loaded from/to memory with a single instruction.

I

An integer constant that fits in 16 bits.

J

An integer constant whose low order 16 bits are zero.

K

An integer constant that does not meet the constraints for codes ‘I’ or ‘J’.

L

The integer constant 1.

M

The integer constant -1.

N

The integer constant 0.

O

Integer constants 0 through 3; shifts by these amounts are handled as multiple single-bit shifts rather than a single variable-length shift.

Q

A memory reference which requires an additional word (address or offset) after the opcode.

R

A memory reference that is encoded within the opcode.

PowerPC and IBM RS6000—config/rs6000/constraints.md

r

A general purpose register (GPR), r0…r31.

b

A base register. Like r, but r0 is not allowed, so r1…r31.

f

A floating point register (FPR), f0…f31.

d

A floating point register. This is the same as f nowadays; historically f was for single-precision and d was for double-precision floating point.

v

An Altivec vector register (VR), v0…v31.

wa

A VSX register (VSR), vs0…vs63. This is either an FPR (vs0…vs31 are f0…f31) or a VR (vs32…vs63 are v0…v31).

When using wa, you should use the %x output modifier, so that the correct register number is printed. For example:

asm ("xvadddp %x0,%x1,%x2"
     : "=wa" (v1)
     : "wa" (v2), "wa" (v3));

You should not use %x for v operands:

asm ("xsaddqp %0,%1,%2"
     : "=v" (v1)
     : "v" (v2), "v" (v3));

h

A special register (vrsave, ctr, or lr).

c

The count register, ctr.

l

The link register, lr.

x

Condition register field 0, cr0.

y

Any condition register field, cr0…cr7.

z

The carry bit, XER[CA].

we

Like wa, if -mpower9-vector and -m64 are used; otherwise, NO_REGS.

wn

No register (NO_REGS).

wr

Like r, if -mpowerpc64 is used; otherwise, NO_REGS.

wx

Like d, if -mpowerpc-gfxopt is used; otherwise, NO_REGS.

wA

Like b, if -mpowerpc64 is used; otherwise, NO_REGS.

wB

Signed 5-bit constant integer that can be loaded into an Altivec register.

wD

Int constant that is the element number of the 64-bit scalar in a vector.

wE

Vector constant that can be loaded with the XXSPLTIB instruction.

wF

Memory operand suitable for power8 GPR load fusion.

wL

Int constant that is the element number mfvsrld accesses in a vector.

wM

Match vector constant with all 1’s if the XXLORC instruction is available.

wO

Memory operand suitable for the ISA 3.0 vector d-form instructions.

wQ

Memory operand suitable for the load/store quad instructions.

wS

Vector constant that can be loaded with XXSPLTIB & sign extension.

wY

A memory operand for a DS-form instruction.

wZ

An indexed or indirect memory operand, ignoring the bottom 4 bits.

I

A signed 16-bit constant.

J

An unsigned 16-bit constant shifted left 16 bits (use L instead for SImode constants).

K

An unsigned 16-bit constant.

L

A signed 16-bit constant shifted left 16 bits.

M

An integer constant greater than 31.

N

An exact power of 2.

O

The integer constant zero.

P

A constant whose negation is a signed 16-bit constant.

eI

A signed 34-bit integer constant if prefixed instructions are supported.

G

A floating point constant that can be loaded into a register with one instruction per word.

H

A floating point constant that can be loaded into a register using three instructions.

m

A memory operand. Normally, m does not allow addresses that update the base register. If the < or > constraint is also used, they are allowed and therefore on PowerPC targets in that case it is only safe to use m<> in an asm statement if that asm statement accesses the operand exactly once. The asm statement must also use %U<opno> as a placeholder for the “update” flag in the corresponding load or store instruction. For example:

asm ("st%U0 %1,%0" : "=m<>" (mem) : "r" (val));

is correct but:

asm ("st %1,%0" : "=m<>" (mem) : "r" (val));

is not.

es

A “stable” memory operand; that is, one which does not include any automodification of the base register. This used to be useful when m allowed automodification of the base register, but as those are now only allowed when < or > is used, es is basically the same as m without < and >.

Q

A memory operand addressed by just a base register.

Y

A memory operand for a DQ-form instruction.

Z

A memory operand accessed with indexed or indirect addressing.

R

An AIX TOC entry.

a

An indexed or indirect address.

U

A V.4 small data reference.

W

A vector constant that does not require memory.

j

The zero vector constant.

PRU—config/pru/constraints.md

I

An unsigned 8-bit integer constant.

J

An unsigned 16-bit integer constant.

L

An unsigned 5-bit integer constant (for shift counts).

T

A text segment (program memory) constant label.

Z

Integer constant zero.

RL78—config/rl78/constraints.md

Int3

An integer constant in the range 1 … 7.

Int8

An integer constant in the range 0 … 255.

J

An integer constant in the range -255 … 0

K

The integer constant 1.

L

The integer constant -1.

M

The integer constant 0.

N

The integer constant 2.

O

The integer constant -2.

P

An integer constant in the range 1 … 15.

Qbi

The built-in compare types–eq, ne, gtu, ltu, geu, and leu.

Qsc

The synthetic compare types–gt, lt, ge, and le.

Wab

A memory reference with an absolute address.

Wbc

A memory reference using BC as a base register, with an optional offset.

Wca

A memory reference using AX, BC, DE, or HL for the address, for calls.

Wcv

A memory reference using any 16-bit register pair for the address, for calls.

Wd2

A memory reference using DE as a base register, with an optional offset.

Wde

A memory reference using DE as a base register, without any offset.

Wfr

Any memory reference to an address in the far address space.

Wh1

A memory reference using HL as a base register, with an optional one-byte offset.

Whb

A memory reference using HL as a base register, with B or C as the index register.

Whl

A memory reference using HL as a base register, without any offset.

Ws1

A memory reference using SP as a base register, with an optional one-byte offset.

Y

Any memory reference to an address in the near address space.

A

The AX register.

B

The BC register.

D

The DE register.

R

A through L registers.

S

The SP register.

T

The HL register.

Z08W

The 16-bit R8 register.

Z10W

The 16-bit R10 register.

Zint

The registers reserved for interrupts (R24 to R31).

a

The A register.

b

The B register.

c

The C register.

d

The D register.

e

The E register.

h

The H register.

l

The L register.

v

The virtual registers.

w

The PSW register.

x

The X register.

RISC-V—config/riscv/constraints.md

f

A floating-point register (if available).

I

An I-type 12-bit signed immediate.

J

Integer zero.

K

A 5-bit unsigned immediate for CSR access instructions.

A

An address that is held in a general-purpose register.

RX—config/rx/constraints.md

Q

An address which does not involve register indirect addressing or pre/post increment/decrement addressing.

Symbol

A symbol reference.

Int08

A constant in the range -256 to 255, inclusive.

Sint08

A constant in the range -128 to 127, inclusive.

Sint16

A constant in the range -32768 to 32767, inclusive.

Sint24

A constant in the range -8388608 to 8388607, inclusive.

Uint04

A constant in the range 0 to 15, inclusive.

S/390 and zSeries—config/s390/s390.h

a

Address register (general purpose register except r0)

c

Condition code register

d

Data register (arbitrary general purpose register)

f

Floating-point register

I

Unsigned 8-bit constant (0–255)

J

Unsigned 12-bit constant (0–4095)

K

Signed 16-bit constant (-32768–32767)

L

Value appropriate as displacement.

(0..4095)

for short displacement

(-524288..524287)

for long displacement

M

Constant integer with a value of 0x7fffffff.

N

Multiple letter constraint followed by 4 parameter letters.

0..9:

number of the part counting from most to least significant

H,Q:

mode of the part

D,S,H:

mode of the containing operand

0,F:

value of the other parts (F—all bits set)

The constraint matches if the specified part of a constant has a value different from its other parts.

Q

Memory reference without index register and with short displacement.

R

Memory reference with index register and short displacement.

S

Memory reference without index register but with long displacement.

T

Memory reference with index register and long displacement.

U

Pointer with short displacement.

W

Pointer with long displacement.

Y

Shift count operand.

SPARC—config/sparc/sparc.h

f

Floating-point register on the SPARC-V8 architecture and lower floating-point register on the SPARC-V9 architecture.

e

Floating-point register. It is equivalent to ‘f’ on the SPARC-V8 architecture and contains both lower and upper floating-point registers on the SPARC-V9 architecture.

c

Floating-point condition code register.

d

Lower floating-point register. It is only valid on the SPARC-V9 architecture when the Visual Instruction Set is available.

b

Floating-point register. It is only valid on the SPARC-V9 architecture when the Visual Instruction Set is available.

h

64-bit global or out register for the SPARC-V8+ architecture.

C

The constant all-ones, for floating-point.

A

Signed 5-bit constant

D

A vector constant

I

Signed 13-bit constant

J

Zero

K

32-bit constant with the low 12 bits clear (a constant that can be loaded with the sethi instruction)

L

A constant in the range supported by movcc instructions (11-bit signed immediate)

M

A constant in the range supported by movrcc instructions (10-bit signed immediate)

N

Same as ‘K’, except that it verifies that bits that are not in the lower 32-bit range are all zero. Must be used instead of ‘K’ for modes wider than SImode

O

The constant 4096

G

Floating-point zero

H

Signed 13-bit constant, sign-extended to 32 or 64 bits

P

The constant -1

Q

Floating-point constant whose integral representation can be moved into an integer register using a single sethi instruction

R

Floating-point constant whose integral representation can be moved into an integer register using a single mov instruction

S

Floating-point constant whose integral representation can be moved into an integer register using a high/lo_sum instruction sequence

T

Memory address aligned to an 8-byte boundary

U

Even register

W

Memory address for ‘e’ constraint registers

w

Memory address with only a base register

Y

Vector zero

TI C6X family—config/c6x/constraints.md

a

Register file A (A0–A31).

b

Register file B (B0–B31).

A

Predicate registers in register file A (A0–A2 on C64X and higher, A1 and A2 otherwise).

B

Predicate registers in register file B (B0–B2).

C

A call-used register in register file B (B0–B9, B16–B31).

Da

Register file A, excluding predicate registers (A3–A31, plus A0 if not C64X or higher).

Db

Register file B, excluding predicate registers (B3–B31).

Iu4

Integer constant in the range 0 … 15.

Iu5

Integer constant in the range 0 … 31.

In5

Integer constant in the range -31 … 0.

Is5

Integer constant in the range -16 … 15.

I5x

Integer constant that can be the operand of an ADDA or a SUBA insn.

IuB

Integer constant in the range 0 … 65535.

IsB

Integer constant in the range -32768 … 32767.

IsC

Integer constant in the range -2^{20} … 2^{20} - 1.

Jc

Integer constant that is a valid mask for the clr instruction.

Js

Integer constant that is a valid mask for the set instruction.

Q

Memory location with A base register.

R

Memory location with B base register.

S0

On C64x+ targets, a GP-relative small data reference.

S1

Any kind of SYMBOL_REF, for use in a call address.

Si

Any kind of immediate operand, unless it matches the S0 constraint.

T

Memory location with B base register, but not using a long offset.

W

A memory operand with an address that cannot be used in an unaligned access.

Z

Register B14 (aka DP).

TILE-Gx—config/tilegx/constraints.md

R00

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

Each of these represents a register constraint for an individual register, from r0 to r10.

I

Signed 8-bit integer constant.

J

Signed 16-bit integer constant.

K

Unsigned 16-bit integer constant.

L

Integer constant that fits in one signed byte when incremented by one (-129 … 126).

m

Memory operand. If used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’, the operand can have postincrement which requires printing with ‘%In’ and ‘%in’ on TILE-Gx. For example:

asm ("st_add %I0,%1,%i0" : "=m<>" (*mem) : "r" (val));

M

A bit mask suitable for the BFINS instruction.

N

Integer constant that is a byte tiled out eight times.

O

The integer zero constant.

P

Integer constant that is a sign-extended byte tiled out as four shorts.

Q

Integer constant that fits in one signed byte when incremented (-129 … 126), but excluding -1.

S

Integer constant that has all 1 bits consecutive and starting at bit 0.

T

A 16-bit fragment of a got, tls, or pc-relative reference.

U

Memory operand except postincrement. This is roughly the same as ‘m’ when not used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’.

W

An 8-element vector constant with identical elements.

Y

A 4-element vector constant with identical elements.

Z0

The integer constant 0xffffffff.

Z1

The integer constant 0xffffffff00000000.

TILEPro—config/tilepro/constraints.md

R00

R01

R02

R03

R04

R05

R06

R07

R08

R09

R10

Each of these represents a register constraint for an individual register, from r0 to r10.

I

Signed 8-bit integer constant.

J

Signed 16-bit integer constant.

K

Nonzero integer constant with low 16 bits zero.

L

Integer constant that fits in one signed byte when incremented by one (-129 … 126).

m

Memory operand. If used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’, the operand can have postincrement which requires printing with ‘%In’ and ‘%in’ on TILEPro. For example:

asm ("swadd %I0,%1,%i0" : "=m<>" (mem) : "r" (val));

M

A bit mask suitable for the MM instruction.

N

Integer constant that is a byte tiled out four times.

O

The integer zero constant.

P

Integer constant that is a sign-extended byte tiled out as two shorts.

Q

Integer constant that fits in one signed byte when incremented (-129 … 126), but excluding -1.

T

A symbolic operand, or a 16-bit fragment of a got, tls, or pc-relative reference.

U

Memory operand except postincrement. This is roughly the same as ‘m’ when not used together with ‘<’ or ‘>’.

W

A 4-element vector constant with identical elements.

Y

A 2-element vector constant with identical elements.

Visium—config/visium/constraints.md

b

EAM register mdb

c

EAM register mdc

f

Floating point register

k

Register for sibcall optimization

l

General register, but not r29, r30 and r31

t

Register r1

u

Register r2

v

Register r3

G

Floating-point constant 0.0

J

Integer constant in the range 0 .. 65535 (16-bit immediate)

K

Integer constant in the range 1 .. 31 (5-bit immediate)

L

Integer constant in the range -65535 .. -1 (16-bit negative immediate)

M

Integer constant -1

O

Integer constant 0

P

Integer constant 32

x86 family—config/i386/constraints.md

R

Legacy register—the eight integer registers available on all i386 processors (a, b, c, d, si, di, bp, sp).

q

Any register accessible as rl. In 32-bit mode, a, b, c, and d; in 64-bit mode, any integer register.

Q

Any register accessible as rh: a, b, c, and d.

l

Any register that can be used as the index in a base+index memory access: that is, any general register except the stack pointer.

a

The a register.

b

The b register.

c

The c register.

d

The d register.

S

The si register.

D

The di register.

A

The a and d registers. This class is used for instructions that return double word results in the ax:dx register pair. Single word values will be allocated either in ax or dx. For example on i386 the following implements rdtsc:

unsigned long long rdtsc (void)
{
  unsigned long long tick;
  __asm__ __volatile__("rdtsc":"=A"(tick));
  return tick;
}

This is not correct on x86-64 as it would allocate tick in either ax or dx. You have to use the following variant instead:

unsigned long long rdtsc (void)
{
  unsigned int tickl, tickh;
  __asm__ __volatile__("rdtsc":"=a"(tickl),"=d"(tickh));
  return ((unsigned long long)tickh << 32)|tickl;
}

U

The call-clobbered integer registers.

f

Any 80387 floating-point (stack) register.

t

Top of 80387 floating-point stack (%st(0)).

u

Second from top of 80387 floating-point stack (%st(1)).

Yk

Any mask register that can be used as a predicate, i.e. k1-k7.

k

Any mask register.

y

Any MMX register.

x

Any SSE register.

v

Any EVEX encodable SSE register (%xmm0-%xmm31).

w

Any bound register.

Yz

First SSE register (%xmm0).

Yi

Any SSE register, when SSE2 and inter-unit moves are enabled.

Yj

Any SSE register, when SSE2 and inter-unit moves from vector registers are enabled.

Ym

Any MMX register, when inter-unit moves are enabled.

Yn

Any MMX register, when inter-unit moves from vector registers are enabled.

Yp

Any integer register when TARGET_PARTIAL_REG_STALL is disabled.

Ya

Any integer register when zero extensions with AND are disabled.

Yb

Any register that can be used as the GOT base when calling
___tls_get_addr: that is, any general register except a and sp registers, for -fno-plt if linker supports it. Otherwise, b register.

Yf

Any x87 register when 80387 floating-point arithmetic is enabled.

Yr

Lower SSE register when avoiding REX prefix and all SSE registers otherwise.

Yv

For AVX512VL, any EVEX-encodable SSE register (%xmm0-%xmm31), otherwise any SSE register.

Yh

Any EVEX-encodable SSE register, that has number factor of four.

Bf

Flags register operand.

Bg

GOT memory operand.

Bm

Vector memory operand.

Bc

Constant memory operand.

Bn

Memory operand without REX prefix.

Bs

Sibcall memory operand.

Bw

Call memory operand.

Bz

Constant call address operand.

BC

SSE constant -1 operand.

I

Integer constant in the range 0 … 31, for 32-bit shifts.

J

Integer constant in the range 0 … 63, for 64-bit shifts.

K

Signed 8-bit integer constant.

L

0xFF or 0xFFFF, for andsi as a zero-extending move.

M

0, 1, 2, or 3 (shifts for the lea instruction).

N

Unsigned 8-bit integer constant (for in and out instructions).

O

Integer constant in the range 0 … 127, for 128-bit shifts.

G

Standard 80387 floating point constant.

C

SSE constant zero operand.

e

32-bit signed integer constant, or a symbolic reference known to fit that range (for immediate operands in sign-extending x86-64 instructions).

We

32-bit signed integer constant, or a symbolic reference known to fit that range (for sign-extending conversion operations that require non-VOIDmode immediate operands).

Wz

32-bit unsigned integer constant, or a symbolic reference known to fit that range (for zero-extending conversion operations that require non-VOIDmode immediate operands).

Wd

128-bit integer constant where both the high and low 64-bit word satisfy the e constraint.

Z

32-bit unsigned integer constant, or a symbolic reference known to fit that range (for immediate operands in zero-extending x86-64 instructions).

Tv

VSIB address operand.

Ts

Address operand without segment register.

Xstormy16—config/stormy16/stormy16.h

a

Register r0.

b

Register r1.

c

Register r2.

d

Register r8.

e

Registers r0 through r7.

t

Registers r0 and r1.

y

The carry register.

z

Registers r8 and r9.

I

A constant between 0 and 3 inclusive.

J

A constant that has exactly one bit set.

K

A constant that has exactly one bit clear.

L

A constant between 0 and 255 inclusive.

M

A constant between -255 and 0 inclusive.

N

A constant between -3 and 0 inclusive.

O

A constant between 1 and 4 inclusive.

P

A constant between -4 and -1 inclusive.

Q

A memory reference that is a stack push.

R

A memory reference that is a stack pop.

S

A memory reference that refers to a constant address of known value.

T

The register indicated by Rx (not implemented yet).

U

A constant that is not between 2 and 15 inclusive.

Z

The constant 0.

Xtensa—config/xtensa/constraints.md

a

General-purpose 32-bit register

b

One-bit boolean register

A

MAC16 40-bit accumulator register

I

Signed 12-bit integer constant, for use in MOVI instructions

J

Signed 8-bit integer constant, for use in ADDI instructions

K

Integer constant valid for BccI instructions

L

Unsigned constant valid for BccUI instructions