<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as". Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". --> <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>Nios II Relocations (Using as)</title> <meta name="description" content="Nios II Relocations (Using as)"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nios II Relocations (Using as)"> <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> <meta name="distribution" content="global"> <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> <link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index"> <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> <link href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" rel="up" title="NiosII-Dependent"> <link href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" rel="next" title="Nios II Directives"> <link href="Nios-II-Chars.html#Nios-II-Chars" rel="prev" title="Nios II Chars"> <style type="text/css"> <!-- a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} kbd {font-style: oblique} pre.display {font-family: inherit} pre.format {font-family: inherit} pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} --> </style> </head> <body lang="en"> <a name="Nios-II-Relocations"></a> <div class="header"> <p> Next: <a href="Nios-II-Directives.html#Nios-II-Directives" accesskey="n" rel="next">Nios II Directives</a>, Previous: <a href="Nios-II-Syntax.html#Nios-II-Syntax" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Nios II Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="NiosII_002dDependent.html#NiosII_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">NiosII-Dependent</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <hr> <a name="Nios-II-Machine-Relocations"></a> <h4 class="subsection">9.31.3 Nios II Machine Relocations</h4> <a name="index-machine-relocations_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-Nios-II-machine-relocations"></a> <dl compact="compact"> <dd><a name="index-hiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> </dd> <dt><code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var> and add one if the 15th bit is set. </p> <p>The value of <code>%hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code> is: </p><div class="smallexample"> <pre class="smallexample">((<var>expression</var> >> 16) & 0xffff) + ((<var>expression</var> >> 15) & 0x01) </pre></div> <p>The <code>%hiadj</code> relocation is intended to be used with the <code>addi</code>, <code>ld</code> or <code>st</code> instructions along with a <code>%lo</code>, in order to load a 32-bit constant. </p> <div class="smallexample"> <pre class="smallexample">movhi r2, %hiadj(symbol) addi r2, r2, %lo(symbol) </pre></div> <a name="index-hi-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> </dd> <dt><code>%hi(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dd><p>Extract the upper 16 bits of <var>expression</var>. </p> <a name="index-lo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> </dd> <dt><code>%lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dd><p>Extract the lower 16 bits of <var>expression</var>. </p> <a name="index-gprel-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> </dd> <dt><code>%gprel(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dd><p>Subtract the value of the symbol <code>_gp</code> from <var>expression</var>. </p> <p>The intention of the <code>%gprel</code> relocation is to have a fast small area of memory which only takes a 16-bit immediate to access. </p> <div class="smallexample"> <pre class="smallexample"> .section .sdata fastint: .int 123 .section .text ldw r4, %gprel(fastint)(gp) </pre></div> <a name="index-call-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-call_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-call_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-got-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-got_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-got_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-gotoff-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-gotoff_005flo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-gotoff_005fhiadj-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-tls_005fgd-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-tls_005fie-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-tls_005fle-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-tls_005fldm-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> <a name="index-tls_005fldo-directive_002c-Nios-II"></a> </dd> <dt><code>%call(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%call_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%call_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%got(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%got_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%got_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%gotoff(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%gotoff_lo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%gotoff_hiadj(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%tls_gd(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%tls_ie(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%tls_le(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%tls_ldm(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dt><code>%tls_ldo(<var>expression</var>)</code></dt> <dd> <p>These relocations support the ABI for Linux Systems documented in the <cite>Nios II Processor Reference Handbook</cite>. </p></dd> </dl> </body> </html>