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  67. <a name="Qualifiers"></a>
  68. <h3 class="section">4.10 Qualifiers</h3>
  69. <ul>
  70. <li> <cite>What constitutes an access to an object that has volatile-qualified
  71. type (C90 6.5.3, C99 and C11 6.7.3).</cite>
  72. <p>Such an object is normally accessed by pointers and used for accessing
  73. hardware. In most expressions, it is intuitively obvious what is a read
  74. and what is a write. For example
  75. </p>
  76. <div class="smallexample">
  77. <pre class="smallexample">volatile int *dst = <var>somevalue</var>;
  78. volatile int *src = <var>someothervalue</var>;
  79. *dst = *src;
  80. </pre></div>
  81. <p>will cause a read of the volatile object pointed to by <var>src</var> and store the
  82. value into the volatile object pointed to by <var>dst</var>. There is no
  83. guarantee that these reads and writes are atomic, especially for objects
  84. larger than <code>int</code>.
  85. </p>
  86. <p>However, if the volatile storage is not being modified, and the value of
  87. the volatile storage is not used, then the situation is less obvious.
  88. For example
  89. </p>
  90. <div class="smallexample">
  91. <pre class="smallexample">volatile int *src = <var>somevalue</var>;
  92. *src;
  93. </pre></div>
  94. <p>According to the C standard, such an expression is an rvalue whose type
  95. is the unqualified version of its original type, i.e. <code>int</code>. Whether
  96. GCC interprets this as a read of the volatile object being pointed to or
  97. only as a request to evaluate the expression for its side effects depends
  98. on this type.
  99. </p>
  100. <p>If it is a scalar type, or on most targets an aggregate type whose only
  101. member object is of a scalar type, or a union type whose member objects
  102. are of scalar types, the expression is interpreted by GCC as a read of
  103. the volatile object; in the other cases, the expression is only evaluated
  104. for its side effects.
  105. </p>
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