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  18. <title>Breakpoints (Debugging with GDB)</title>

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  63. <a name="Breakpoints"></a>

  64. <div class="header">

  65. <p>

  66. Next: <a href="Continuing-and-Stepping.html#Continuing-and-Stepping" accesskey="n" rel="next">Continuing and Stepping</a>, Up: <a href="Stopping.html#Stopping" accesskey="u" rel="up">Stopping</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  67. </div>

  68. <hr>

  69. <a name="Breakpoints_002c-Watchpoints_002c-and-Catchpoints"></a>

  70. <h3 class="section">5.1 Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Catchpoints</h3>

  71. 

  72. <a name="index-breakpoints"></a>

  73. <p>A <em>breakpoint</em> makes your program stop whenever a certain point in

  74. the program is reached.  For each breakpoint, you can add conditions to

  75. control in finer detail whether your program stops.  You can set

  76. breakpoints with the <code>break</code> command and its variants (see <a href="Set-Breaks.html#Set-Breaks">Setting Breakpoints</a>), to specify the place where your program

  77. should stop by line number, function name or exact address in the

  78. program.

  79. </p>

  80. <p>On some systems, you can set breakpoints in shared libraries before

  81. the executable is run.

  82. </p>

  83. <a name="index-watchpoints"></a>

  84. <a name="index-data-breakpoints"></a>

  85. <a name="index-memory-tracing"></a>

  86. <a name="index-breakpoint-on-memory-address"></a>

  87. <a name="index-breakpoint-on-variable-modification"></a>

  88. <p>A <em>watchpoint</em> is a special breakpoint that stops your program

  89. when the value of an expression changes.  The expression may be a value

  90. of a variable, or it could involve values of one or more variables

  91. combined by operators, such as &lsquo;<samp>a + b</samp>&rsquo;.  This is sometimes called

  92. <em>data breakpoints</em>.  You must use a different command to set

  93. watchpoints (see <a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints">Setting Watchpoints</a>), but aside

  94. from that, you can manage a watchpoint like any other breakpoint: you

  95. enable, disable, and delete both breakpoints and watchpoints using the

  96. same commands.

  97. </p>

  98. <p>You can arrange to have values from your program displayed automatically

  99. whenever <small>GDB</small> stops at a breakpoint.  See <a href="Auto-Display.html#Auto-Display">Automatic Display</a>.

  100. </p>

  101. <a name="index-catchpoints"></a>

  102. <a name="index-breakpoint-on-events"></a>

  103. <p>A <em>catchpoint</em> is another special breakpoint that stops your program

  104. when a certain kind of event occurs, such as the throwing of a C<tt>++</tt>

  105. exception or the loading of a library.  As with watchpoints, you use a

  106. different command to set a catchpoint (see <a href="Set-Catchpoints.html#Set-Catchpoints">Setting

  107. Catchpoints</a>), but aside from that, you can manage a catchpoint like any

  108. other breakpoint.  (To stop when your program receives a signal, use the

  109. <code>handle</code> command; see <a href="Signals.html#Signals">Signals</a>.)

  110. </p>

  111. <a name="index-breakpoint-numbers"></a>

  112. <a name="index-numbers-for-breakpoints"></a>

  113. <p><small>GDB</small> assigns a number to each breakpoint, watchpoint, or

  114. catchpoint when you create it; these numbers are successive integers

  115. starting with one.  In many of the commands for controlling various

  116. features of breakpoints you use the breakpoint number to say which

  117. breakpoint you want to change.  Each breakpoint may be <em>enabled</em> or

  118. <em>disabled</em>; if disabled, it has no effect on your program until you

  119. enable it again.

  120. </p>

  121. <a name="index-breakpoint-ranges"></a>

  122. <a name="index-breakpoint-lists"></a>

  123. <a name="index-ranges-of-breakpoints"></a>

  124. <a name="index-lists-of-breakpoints"></a>

  125. <p>Some <small>GDB</small> commands accept a space-separated list of breakpoints

  126. on which to operate.  A list element can be either a single breakpoint number,

  127. like &lsquo;<samp>5</samp>&rsquo;, or a range of such numbers, like &lsquo;<samp>5-7</samp>&rsquo;.

  128. When a breakpoint list is given to a command, all breakpoints in that list

  129. are operated on.

  130. </p>

  131. <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">

  132. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Set-Breaks.html#Set-Breaks" accesskey="1">Set Breaks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Setting breakpoints

  133. </td></tr>

  134. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints" accesskey="2">Set Watchpoints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Setting watchpoints

  135. </td></tr>

  136. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Set-Catchpoints.html#Set-Catchpoints" accesskey="3">Set Catchpoints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Setting catchpoints

  137. </td></tr>

  138. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks" accesskey="4">Delete Breaks</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Deleting breakpoints

  139. </td></tr>

  140. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Disabling.html#Disabling" accesskey="5">Disabling</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Disabling breakpoints

  141. </td></tr>

  142. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Conditions.html#Conditions" accesskey="6">Conditions</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Break conditions

  143. </td></tr>

  144. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Break-Commands.html#Break-Commands" accesskey="7">Break Commands</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Breakpoint command lists

  145. </td></tr>

  146. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Dynamic-Printf.html#Dynamic-Printf" accesskey="8">Dynamic Printf</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Dynamic printf

  147. </td></tr>

  148. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Save-Breakpoints.html#Save-Breakpoints" accesskey="9">Save Breakpoints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">How to save breakpoints in a file

  149. </td></tr>

  150. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Static-Probe-Points.html#Static-Probe-Points">Static Probe Points</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Listing static probe points

  151. </td></tr>

  152. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Error-in-Breakpoints.html#Error-in-Breakpoints">Error in Breakpoints</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">&ldquo;Cannot insert breakpoints&rdquo;

  153. </td></tr>

  154. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings.html#Breakpoint_002drelated-Warnings">Breakpoint-related Warnings</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">&ldquo;Breakpoint address adjusted...&rdquo;

  155. </td></tr>

  156. </table>

  157. 

  158. <hr>

  159. <div class="header">

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  162. </div>

  163. 

  164. 

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