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  61. 

  62. <body lang="en">

  63. <a name="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation"></a>

  64. <div class="header">

  65. <p>

  66. Next: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands</a>, Previous: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GDB/MI Variable Objects</a>, Up: <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI" accesskey="u" rel="up">GDB/MI</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  67. </div>

  68. <hr>

  69. <a name="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation-1"></a>

  70. <h3 class="section">27.16 <small>GDB/MI</small> Data Manipulation</h3>

  71. 

  72. <a name="index-data-manipulation_002c-in-GDB_002fMI"></a>

  73. <a name="index-GDB_002fMI_002c-data-manipulation"></a>

  74. <p>This section describes the <small>GDB/MI</small> commands that manipulate data:

  75. examine memory and registers, evaluate expressions, etc.

  76. </p>

  77. <p>For details about what an addressable memory unit is,

  78. see <a href="Memory.html#addressable-memory-unit">addressable memory unit</a>.

  79. </p>

  80. 

  81. <a name="The-_002ddata_002ddisassemble-Command"></a>

  82. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-disassemble</code> Command</h4>

  83. <a name="index-_002ddata_002ddisassemble"></a>

  84. 

  85. <a name="Synopsis-64"></a>

  86. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  87. 

  88. <div class="smallexample">

  89. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-disassemble

  90.     [ -s <var>start-addr</var> -e <var>end-addr</var> ]

  91.   | [ -a <var>addr</var> ]

  92.   | [ -f <var>filename</var> -l <var>linenum</var> [ -n <var>lines</var> ] ]

  93.   -- <var>mode</var>

  94. </pre></div>

  95. 

  96. <p>Where:

  97. </p>

  98. <dl compact="compact">

  99. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>start-addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  100. <dd><p>is the beginning address (or <code>$pc</code>)

  101. </p></dd>

  102. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>end-addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  103. <dd><p>is the end address

  104. </p></dd>

  105. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  106. <dd><p>is an address anywhere within (or the name of) the function to

  107. disassemble.  If an address is specified, the whole function

  108. surrounding that address will be disassembled.  If a name is

  109. specified, the whole function with that name will be disassembled.

  110. </p></dd>

  111. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  112. <dd><p>is the name of the file to disassemble

  113. </p></dd>

  114. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>linenum</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  115. <dd><p>is the line number to disassemble around

  116. </p></dd>

  117. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>lines</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  118. <dd><p>is the number of disassembly lines to be produced.  If it is -1,

  119. the whole function will be disassembled, in case no <var>end-addr</var> is

  120. specified.  If <var>end-addr</var> is specified as a non-zero value, and

  121. <var>lines</var> is lower than the number of disassembly lines between

  122. <var>start-addr</var> and <var>end-addr</var>, only <var>lines</var> lines are

  123. displayed; if <var>lines</var> is higher than the number of lines between

  124. <var>start-addr</var> and <var>end-addr</var>, only the lines up to <var>end-addr</var>

  125. are displayed.

  126. </p></dd>

  127. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  128. <dd><p>is one of:

  129. </p><ul>

  130. <li> 0 disassembly only

  131. </li><li> 1 mixed source and disassembly (deprecated)

  132. </li><li> 2 disassembly with raw opcodes

  133. </li><li> 3 mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes (deprecated)

  134. </li><li> 4 mixed source and disassembly

  135. </li><li> 5 mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes

  136. </li></ul>

  137. 

  138. <p>Modes 1 and 3 are deprecated.  The output is &ldquo;source centric&rdquo;

  139. which hasn&rsquo;t proved useful in practice.

  140. See <a href="Machine-Code.html#Machine-Code">Machine Code</a>, for a discussion of the difference between

  141. <code>/m</code> and <code>/s</code> output of the <code>disassemble</code> command.

  142. </p></dd>

  143. </dl>

  144. 

  145. <a name="Result-6"></a>

  146. <h4 class="subsubheading">Result</h4>

  147. 

  148. <p>The result of the <code>-data-disassemble</code> command will be a list named

  149. &lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo;, the contents of this list depend on the <var>mode</var>

  150. used with the <code>-data-disassemble</code> command.

  151. </p>

  152. <p>For modes 0 and 2 the &lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo; list contains tuples with the

  153. following fields:

  154. </p>

  155. <dl compact="compact">

  156. <dt><code>address</code></dt>

  157. <dd><p>The address at which this instruction was disassembled.

  158. </p>

  159. </dd>

  160. <dt><code>func-name</code></dt>

  161. <dd><p>The name of the function this instruction is within.

  162. </p>

  163. </dd>

  164. <dt><code>offset</code></dt>

  165. <dd><p>The decimal offset in bytes from the start of &lsquo;<samp>func-name</samp>&rsquo;.

  166. </p>

  167. </dd>

  168. <dt><code>inst</code></dt>

  169. <dd><p>The text disassembly for this &lsquo;<samp>address</samp>&rsquo;.

  170. </p>

  171. </dd>

  172. <dt><code>opcodes</code></dt>

  173. <dd><p>This field is only present for modes 2, 3 and 5.  This contains the raw opcode

  174. bytes for the &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo; field.

  175. </p>

  176. </dd>

  177. </dl>

  178. 

  179. <p>For modes 1, 3, 4 and 5 the &lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo; list contains tuples named

  180. &lsquo;<samp>src_and_asm_line</samp>&rsquo;, each of which has the following fields:

  181. </p>

  182. <dl compact="compact">

  183. <dt><code>line</code></dt>

  184. <dd><p>The line number within &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.

  185. </p>

  186. </dd>

  187. <dt><code>file</code></dt>

  188. <dd><p>The file name from the compilation unit.  This might be an absolute

  189. file name or a relative file name depending on the compile command

  190. used.

  191. </p>

  192. </dd>

  193. <dt><code>fullname</code></dt>

  194. <dd><p>Absolute file name of &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.  It is converted to a canonical form

  195. using the source file search path

  196. (see <a href="Source-Path.html#Source-Path">Specifying Source Directories</a>)

  197. and after resolving all the symbolic links.

  198. </p>

  199. <p>If the source file is not found this field will contain the path as

  200. present in the debug information.

  201. </p>

  202. </dd>

  203. <dt><code>line_asm_insn</code></dt>

  204. <dd><p>This is a list of tuples containing the disassembly for &lsquo;<samp>line</samp>&rsquo; in

  205. &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.  The fields of each tuple are the same as for

  206. <code>-data-disassemble</code> in <var>mode</var> 0 and 2, so &lsquo;<samp>address</samp>&rsquo;,

  207. &lsquo;<samp>func-name</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>offset</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo;, and optionally

  208. &lsquo;<samp>opcodes</samp>&rsquo;.

  209. </p>

  210. </dd>

  211. </dl>

  212. 

  213. <p>Note that whatever included in the &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo; field, is not

  214. manipulated directly by <small>GDB/MI</small>, i.e., it is not possible to

  215. adjust its format.

  216. </p>

  217. <a name="GDB-Command-46"></a>

  218. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  219. 

  220. <p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>disassemble</samp>&rsquo;.

  221. </p>

  222. <a name="Example-52"></a>

  223. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  224. 

  225. <p>Disassemble from the current value of <code>$pc</code> to <code>$pc + 20</code>:

  226. </p>

  227. <div class="smallexample">

  228. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  229. -data-disassemble -s $pc -e &quot;$pc + 20&quot; -- 0

  230. ^done,

  231. asm_insns=[

  232. {address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,

  233. inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},

  234. {address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,

  235. inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},

  236. {address=&quot;0x000107c8&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;12&quot;,

  237. inst=&quot;or  %o2, 0x140, %o1\t! 0x11940 &lt;_lib_version+8&gt;&quot;},

  238. {address=&quot;0x000107cc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;16&quot;,

  239. inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},

  240. {address=&quot;0x000107d0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;20&quot;,

  241. inst=&quot;or  %o2, 0x168, %o4\t! 0x11968 &lt;_lib_version+48&gt;&quot;}]

  242. (gdb)

  243. </pre></div>

  244. 

  245. <p>Disassemble the whole <code>main</code> function.  Line 32 is part of

  246. <code>main</code>.

  247. </p>

  248. <div class="smallexample">

  249. <pre class="smallexample">-data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -- 0

  250. ^done,asm_insns=[

  251. {address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,

  252. inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;},

  253. {address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,

  254. inst=&quot;mov   2, %o0&quot;},

  255. {address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,

  256. inst=&quot;sethi %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},

  257. [&hellip;]

  258. {address=&quot;0x0001081c&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;96&quot;,inst=&quot;ret &quot;},

  259. {address=&quot;0x00010820&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;100&quot;,inst=&quot;restore &quot;}]

  260. (gdb)

  261. </pre></div>

  262. 

  263. <p>Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of <code>main</code>:

  264. </p>

  265. <div class="smallexample">

  266. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  267. -data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 0

  268. ^done,asm_insns=[

  269. {address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,

  270. inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;},

  271. {address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,

  272. inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},

  273. {address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,

  274. inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;}]

  275. (gdb)

  276. </pre></div>

  277. 

  278. <p>Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of <code>main</code> in mixed mode:

  279. </p>

  280. <div class="smallexample">

  281. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  282. -data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 1

  283. ^done,asm_insns=[

  284. src_and_asm_line={line=&quot;31&quot;,

  285. file=&quot;../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,

  286. fullname=&quot;/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,

  287. line_asm_insn=[{address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,

  288. func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;}]},

  289. src_and_asm_line={line=&quot;32&quot;,

  290. file=&quot;../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,

  291. fullname=&quot;/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,

  292. line_asm_insn=[{address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,

  293. func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},

  294. {address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,

  295. inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;}]}]

  296. (gdb)

  297. </pre></div>

  298. 

  299. 

  300. <a name="The-_002ddata_002devaluate_002dexpression-Command"></a>

  301. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-evaluate-expression</code> Command</h4>

  302. <a name="index-_002ddata_002devaluate_002dexpression"></a>

  303. 

  304. <a name="Synopsis-65"></a>

  305. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  306. 

  307. <div class="smallexample">

  308. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-evaluate-expression <var>expr</var>

  309. </pre></div>

  310. 

  311. <p>Evaluate <var>expr</var> as an expression.  The expression could contain an

  312. inferior function call.  The function call will execute synchronously.

  313. If the expression contains spaces, it must be enclosed in double quotes.

  314. </p>

  315. <a name="GDB-Command-47"></a>

  316. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  317. 

  318. <p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> commands are &lsquo;<samp>print</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>output</samp>&rsquo;, and

  319. &lsquo;<samp>call</samp>&rsquo;.  In <code>gdbtk</code> only, there&rsquo;s a corresponding

  320. &lsquo;<samp>gdb_eval</samp>&rsquo; command.

  321. </p>

  322. <a name="Example-53"></a>

  323. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  324. 

  325. <p>In the following example, the numbers that precede the commands are the

  326. <em>tokens</em> described in <a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax"><small>GDB/MI</small>

  327. Command Syntax</a>.  Notice how <small>GDB/MI</small> returns the same tokens in its

  328. output.

  329. </p>

  330. <div class="smallexample">

  331. <pre class="smallexample">211-data-evaluate-expression A

  332. 211^done,value=&quot;1&quot;

  333. (gdb)

  334. 311-data-evaluate-expression &amp;A

  335. 311^done,value=&quot;0xefffeb7c&quot;

  336. (gdb)

  337. 411-data-evaluate-expression A+3

  338. 411^done,value=&quot;4&quot;

  339. (gdb)

  340. 511-data-evaluate-expression &quot;A + 3&quot;

  341. 511^done,value=&quot;4&quot;

  342. (gdb)

  343. </pre></div>

  344. 

  345. 

  346. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dchanged_002dregisters-Command"></a>

  347. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-changed-registers</code> Command</h4>

  348. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dchanged_002dregisters"></a>

  349. 

  350. <a name="Synopsis-66"></a>

  351. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  352. 

  353. <div class="smallexample">

  354. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-changed-registers

  355. </pre></div>

  356. 

  357. <p>Display a list of the registers that have changed.

  358. </p>

  359. <a name="GDB-Command-48"></a>

  360. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  361. 

  362. <p><small>GDB</small> doesn&rsquo;t have a direct analog for this command; <code>gdbtk</code>

  363. has the corresponding command &lsquo;<samp>gdb_changed_register_list</samp>&rsquo;.

  364. </p>

  365. <a name="Example-54"></a>

  366. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  367. 

  368. <p>On a PPC MBX board:

  369. </p>

  370. <div class="smallexample">

  371. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  372. -exec-continue

  373. ^running

  374. 

  375. (gdb)

  376. *stopped,reason=&quot;breakpoint-hit&quot;,disp=&quot;keep&quot;,bkptno=&quot;1&quot;,frame={

  377. func=&quot;main&quot;,args=[],file=&quot;try.c&quot;,fullname=&quot;/home/foo/bar/try.c&quot;,

  378. line=&quot;5&quot;,arch=&quot;powerpc&quot;}

  379. (gdb)

  380. -data-list-changed-registers

  381. ^done,changed-registers=[&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;2&quot;,&quot;4&quot;,&quot;5&quot;,&quot;6&quot;,&quot;7&quot;,&quot;8&quot;,&quot;9&quot;,

  382. &quot;10&quot;,&quot;11&quot;,&quot;13&quot;,&quot;14&quot;,&quot;15&quot;,&quot;16&quot;,&quot;17&quot;,&quot;18&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;20&quot;,&quot;21&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;23&quot;,

  383. &quot;24&quot;,&quot;25&quot;,&quot;26&quot;,&quot;27&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;30&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;65&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;69&quot;]

  384. (gdb)

  385. </pre></div>

  386. 

  387. 

  388. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dnames-Command"></a>

  389. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-register-names</code> Command</h4>

  390. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dnames"></a>

  391. 

  392. <a name="Synopsis-67"></a>

  393. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  394. 

  395. <div class="smallexample">

  396. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-register-names [ ( <var>regno</var> )+ ]

  397. </pre></div>

  398. 

  399. <p>Show a list of register names for the current target.  If no arguments

  400. are given, it shows a list of the names of all the registers.  If

  401. integer numbers are given as arguments, it will print a list of the

  402. names of the registers corresponding to the arguments.  To ensure

  403. consistency between a register name and its number, the output list may

  404. include empty register names.

  405. </p>

  406. <a name="GDB-Command-49"></a>

  407. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  408. 

  409. <p><small>GDB</small> does not have a command which corresponds to

  410. &lsquo;<samp>-data-list-register-names</samp>&rsquo;.  In <code>gdbtk</code> there is a

  411. corresponding command &lsquo;<samp>gdb_regnames</samp>&rsquo;.

  412. </p>

  413. <a name="Example-55"></a>

  414. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  415. 

  416. <p>For the PPC MBX board:

  417. </p><div class="smallexample">

  418. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  419. -data-list-register-names

  420. ^done,register-names=[&quot;r0&quot;,&quot;r1&quot;,&quot;r2&quot;,&quot;r3&quot;,&quot;r4&quot;,&quot;r5&quot;,&quot;r6&quot;,&quot;r7&quot;,

  421. &quot;r8&quot;,&quot;r9&quot;,&quot;r10&quot;,&quot;r11&quot;,&quot;r12&quot;,&quot;r13&quot;,&quot;r14&quot;,&quot;r15&quot;,&quot;r16&quot;,&quot;r17&quot;,&quot;r18&quot;,

  422. &quot;r19&quot;,&quot;r20&quot;,&quot;r21&quot;,&quot;r22&quot;,&quot;r23&quot;,&quot;r24&quot;,&quot;r25&quot;,&quot;r26&quot;,&quot;r27&quot;,&quot;r28&quot;,&quot;r29&quot;,

  423. &quot;r30&quot;,&quot;r31&quot;,&quot;f0&quot;,&quot;f1&quot;,&quot;f2&quot;,&quot;f3&quot;,&quot;f4&quot;,&quot;f5&quot;,&quot;f6&quot;,&quot;f7&quot;,&quot;f8&quot;,&quot;f9&quot;,

  424. &quot;f10&quot;,&quot;f11&quot;,&quot;f12&quot;,&quot;f13&quot;,&quot;f14&quot;,&quot;f15&quot;,&quot;f16&quot;,&quot;f17&quot;,&quot;f18&quot;,&quot;f19&quot;,&quot;f20&quot;,

  425. &quot;f21&quot;,&quot;f22&quot;,&quot;f23&quot;,&quot;f24&quot;,&quot;f25&quot;,&quot;f26&quot;,&quot;f27&quot;,&quot;f28&quot;,&quot;f29&quot;,&quot;f30&quot;,&quot;f31&quot;,

  426. &quot;&quot;, &quot;pc&quot;,&quot;ps&quot;,&quot;cr&quot;,&quot;lr&quot;,&quot;ctr&quot;,&quot;xer&quot;]

  427. (gdb)

  428. -data-list-register-names 1 2 3

  429. ^done,register-names=[&quot;r1&quot;,&quot;r2&quot;,&quot;r3&quot;]

  430. (gdb)

  431. </pre></div>

  432. 

  433. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dvalues-Command"></a>

  434. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-register-values</code> Command</h4>

  435. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dvalues"></a>

  436. 

  437. <a name="Synopsis-68"></a>

  438. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  439. 

  440. <div class="smallexample">

  441. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-register-values

  442.     [ <code>--skip-unavailable</code> ] <var>fmt</var> [ ( <var>regno</var> )*]

  443. </pre></div>

  444. 

  445. <p>Display the registers&rsquo; contents.  The format according to which the

  446. registers&rsquo; contents are to be returned is given by <var>fmt</var>, followed

  447. by an optional list of numbers specifying the registers to display.  A

  448. missing list of numbers indicates that the contents of all the

  449. registers must be returned.  The <code>--skip-unavailable</code> option

  450. indicates that only the available registers are to be returned.

  451. </p>

  452. <p>Allowed formats for <var>fmt</var> are:

  453. </p>

  454. <dl compact="compact">

  455. <dt><code>x</code></dt>

  456. <dd><p>Hexadecimal

  457. </p></dd>

  458. <dt><code>o</code></dt>

  459. <dd><p>Octal

  460. </p></dd>

  461. <dt><code>t</code></dt>

  462. <dd><p>Binary

  463. </p></dd>

  464. <dt><code>d</code></dt>

  465. <dd><p>Decimal

  466. </p></dd>

  467. <dt><code>r</code></dt>

  468. <dd><p>Raw

  469. </p></dd>

  470. <dt><code>N</code></dt>

  471. <dd><p>Natural

  472. </p></dd>

  473. </dl>

  474. 

  475. <a name="GDB-Command-50"></a>

  476. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  477. 

  478. <p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> commands are &lsquo;<samp>info reg</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>info

  479. all-reg</samp>&rsquo;, and (in <code>gdbtk</code>) &lsquo;<samp>gdb_fetch_registers</samp>&rsquo;.

  480. </p>

  481. <a name="Example-56"></a>

  482. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  483. 

  484. <p>For a PPC MBX board (note: line breaks are for readability only, they

  485. don&rsquo;t appear in the actual output):

  486. </p>

  487. <div class="smallexample">

  488. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  489. -data-list-register-values r 64 65

  490. ^done,register-values=[{number=&quot;64&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00a300&quot;},

  491. {number=&quot;65&quot;,value=&quot;0x00029002&quot;}]

  492. (gdb)

  493. -data-list-register-values x

  494. ^done,register-values=[{number=&quot;0&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe0043c8&quot;},

  495. {number=&quot;1&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff88&quot;},{number=&quot;2&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffe&quot;},

  496. {number=&quot;3&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;4&quot;,value=&quot;0xa&quot;},

  497. {number=&quot;5&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff68&quot;},{number=&quot;6&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff58&quot;},

  498. {number=&quot;7&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe011e98&quot;},{number=&quot;8&quot;,value=&quot;0x2&quot;},

  499. {number=&quot;9&quot;,value=&quot;0xfa202820&quot;},{number=&quot;10&quot;,value=&quot;0xfa202808&quot;},

  500. {number=&quot;11&quot;,value=&quot;0x1&quot;},{number=&quot;12&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  501. {number=&quot;13&quot;,value=&quot;0x4544&quot;},{number=&quot;14&quot;,value=&quot;0xffdfffff&quot;},

  502. {number=&quot;15&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;16&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffeff&quot;},

  503. {number=&quot;17&quot;,value=&quot;0xefffffed&quot;},{number=&quot;18&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffe&quot;},

  504. {number=&quot;19&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;20&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},

  505. {number=&quot;21&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;22&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffff7&quot;},

  506. {number=&quot;23&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;24&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},

  507. {number=&quot;25&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;26&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffb&quot;},

  508. {number=&quot;27&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;28&quot;,value=&quot;0xf7bfffff&quot;},

  509. {number=&quot;29&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;30&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe010000&quot;},

  510. {number=&quot;31&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;32&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  511. {number=&quot;33&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;34&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  512. {number=&quot;35&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;36&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  513. {number=&quot;37&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;38&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  514. {number=&quot;39&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;40&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  515. {number=&quot;41&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;42&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  516. {number=&quot;43&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;44&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  517. {number=&quot;45&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;46&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  518. {number=&quot;47&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;48&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  519. {number=&quot;49&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;50&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  520. {number=&quot;51&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;52&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  521. {number=&quot;53&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;54&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  522. {number=&quot;55&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;56&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  523. {number=&quot;57&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;58&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  524. {number=&quot;59&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;60&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  525. {number=&quot;61&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;62&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},

  526. {number=&quot;63&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;64&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00a300&quot;},

  527. {number=&quot;65&quot;,value=&quot;0x29002&quot;},{number=&quot;66&quot;,value=&quot;0x202f04b5&quot;},

  528. {number=&quot;67&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe0043b0&quot;},{number=&quot;68&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00b3e4&quot;},

  529. {number=&quot;69&quot;,value=&quot;0x20002b03&quot;}]

  530. (gdb)

  531. </pre></div>

  532. 

  533. 

  534. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory-Command"></a>

  535. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-read-memory</code> Command</h4>

  536. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory"></a>

  537. 

  538. <p>This command is deprecated, use <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code> instead.

  539. </p>

  540. <a name="Synopsis-69"></a>

  541. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  542. 

  543. <div class="smallexample">

  544. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-read-memory [ -o <var>byte-offset</var> ]

  545.    <var>address</var> <var>word-format</var> <var>word-size</var>

  546.    <var>nr-rows</var> <var>nr-cols</var> [ <var>aschar</var> ]

  547. </pre></div>

  548. 

  549. <p>where:

  550. </p>

  551. <dl compact="compact">

  552. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  553. <dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first memory word to be

  554. read.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should be

  555. quoted using the C convention.

  556. </p>

  557. </dd>

  558. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>word-format</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  559. <dd><p>The format to be used to print the memory words.  The notation is the

  560. same as for <small>GDB</small>&rsquo;s <code>print</code> command (see <a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>).

  561. </p>

  562. </dd>

  563. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>word-size</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  564. <dd><p>The size of each memory word in bytes.

  565. </p>

  566. </dd>

  567. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>nr-rows</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  568. <dd><p>The number of rows in the output table.

  569. </p>

  570. </dd>

  571. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>nr-cols</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  572. <dd><p>The number of columns in the output table.

  573. </p>

  574. </dd>

  575. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>aschar</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  576. <dd><p>If present, indicates that each row should include an <small>ASCII</small> dump.  The

  577. value of <var>aschar</var> is used as a padding character when a byte is not a

  578. member of the printable <small>ASCII</small> character set (printable <small>ASCII</small>

  579. characters are those whose code is between 32 and 126, inclusively).

  580. </p>

  581. </dd>

  582. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>byte-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  583. <dd><p>An offset to add to the <var>address</var> before fetching memory.

  584. </p></dd>

  585. </dl>

  586. 

  587. <p>This command displays memory contents as a table of <var>nr-rows</var> by

  588. <var>nr-cols</var> words, each word being <var>word-size</var> bytes.  In total,

  589. <code><var>nr-rows</var> * <var>nr-cols</var> * <var>word-size</var></code> bytes are read

  590. (returned as &lsquo;<samp>total-bytes</samp>&rsquo;).  Should less than the requested number

  591. of bytes be returned by the target, the missing words are identified

  592. using &lsquo;<samp>N/A</samp>&rsquo;.  The number of bytes read from the target is returned

  593. in &lsquo;<samp>nr-bytes</samp>&rsquo; and the starting address used to read memory in

  594. &lsquo;<samp>addr</samp>&rsquo;.

  595. </p>

  596. <p>The address of the next/previous row or page is available in

  597. &lsquo;<samp>next-row</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>prev-row</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>next-page</samp>&rsquo; and

  598. &lsquo;<samp>prev-page</samp>&rsquo;.

  599. </p>

  600. <a name="GDB-Command-51"></a>

  601. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  602. 

  603. <p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;.  <code>gdbtk</code> has

  604. &lsquo;<samp>gdb_get_mem</samp>&rsquo; memory read command.

  605. </p>

  606. <a name="Example-57"></a>

  607. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  608. 

  609. <p>Read six bytes of memory starting at <code>bytes+6</code> but then offset by

  610. <code>-6</code> bytes.  Format as three rows of two columns.  One byte per

  611. word.  Display each word in hex.

  612. </p>

  613. <div class="smallexample">

  614. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  615. 9-data-read-memory -o -6 -- bytes+6 x 1 3 2

  616. 9^done,addr=&quot;0x00001390&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;6&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;6&quot;,

  617. next-row=&quot;0x00001396&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000138e&quot;,next-page=&quot;0x00001396&quot;,

  618. prev-page=&quot;0x0000138a&quot;,memory=[

  619. {addr=&quot;0x00001390&quot;,data=[&quot;0x00&quot;,&quot;0x01&quot;]},

  620. {addr=&quot;0x00001392&quot;,data=[&quot;0x02&quot;,&quot;0x03&quot;]},

  621. {addr=&quot;0x00001394&quot;,data=[&quot;0x04&quot;,&quot;0x05&quot;]}]

  622. (gdb)

  623. </pre></div>

  624. 

  625. <p>Read two bytes of memory starting at address <code>shorts + 64</code> and

  626. display as a single word formatted in decimal.

  627. </p>

  628. <div class="smallexample">

  629. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  630. 5-data-read-memory shorts+64 d 2 1 1

  631. 5^done,addr=&quot;0x00001510&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;2&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;2&quot;,

  632. next-row=&quot;0x00001512&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000150e&quot;,

  633. next-page=&quot;0x00001512&quot;,prev-page=&quot;0x0000150e&quot;,memory=[

  634. {addr=&quot;0x00001510&quot;,data=[&quot;128&quot;]}]

  635. (gdb)

  636. </pre></div>

  637. 

  638. <p>Read thirty two bytes of memory starting at <code>bytes+16</code> and format

  639. as eight rows of four columns.  Include a string encoding with &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;

  640. used as the non-printable character.

  641. </p>

  642. <div class="smallexample">

  643. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  644. 4-data-read-memory bytes+16 x 1 8 4 x

  645. 4^done,addr=&quot;0x000013a0&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;32&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;32&quot;,

  646. next-row=&quot;0x000013c0&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000139c&quot;,

  647. next-page=&quot;0x000013c0&quot;,prev-page=&quot;0x00001380&quot;,memory=[

  648. {addr=&quot;0x000013a0&quot;,data=[&quot;0x10&quot;,&quot;0x11&quot;,&quot;0x12&quot;,&quot;0x13&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},

  649. {addr=&quot;0x000013a4&quot;,data=[&quot;0x14&quot;,&quot;0x15&quot;,&quot;0x16&quot;,&quot;0x17&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},

  650. {addr=&quot;0x000013a8&quot;,data=[&quot;0x18&quot;,&quot;0x19&quot;,&quot;0x1a&quot;,&quot;0x1b&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},

  651. {addr=&quot;0x000013ac&quot;,data=[&quot;0x1c&quot;,&quot;0x1d&quot;,&quot;0x1e&quot;,&quot;0x1f&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},

  652. {addr=&quot;0x000013b0&quot;,data=[&quot;0x20&quot;,&quot;0x21&quot;,&quot;0x22&quot;,&quot;0x23&quot;],ascii=&quot; !\&quot;#&quot;},

  653. {addr=&quot;0x000013b4&quot;,data=[&quot;0x24&quot;,&quot;0x25&quot;,&quot;0x26&quot;,&quot;0x27&quot;],ascii=&quot;$%&amp;'&quot;},

  654. {addr=&quot;0x000013b8&quot;,data=[&quot;0x28&quot;,&quot;0x29&quot;,&quot;0x2a&quot;,&quot;0x2b&quot;],ascii=&quot;()*+&quot;},

  655. {addr=&quot;0x000013bc&quot;,data=[&quot;0x2c&quot;,&quot;0x2d&quot;,&quot;0x2e&quot;,&quot;0x2f&quot;],ascii=&quot;,-./&quot;}]

  656. (gdb)

  657. </pre></div>

  658. 

  659. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory_002dbytes-Command"></a>

  660. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code> Command</h4>

  661. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory_002dbytes"></a>

  662. 

  663. <a name="Synopsis-70"></a>

  664. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  665. 

  666. <div class="smallexample">

  667. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-read-memory-bytes [ -o <var>offset</var> ]

  668.    <var>address</var> <var>count</var>

  669. </pre></div>

  670. 

  671. <p>where:

  672. </p>

  673. <dl compact="compact">

  674. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  675. <dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first addressable memory unit

  676. to be read.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should be

  677. quoted using the C convention.

  678. </p>

  679. </dd>

  680. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>count</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  681. <dd><p>The number of addressable memory units to read.  This should be an integer

  682. literal.

  683. </p>

  684. </dd>

  685. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  686. <dd><p>The offset relative to <var>address</var> at which to start reading.  This

  687. should be an integer literal.  This option is provided so that a frontend

  688. is not required to first evaluate address and then perform address

  689. arithmetics itself.

  690. </p>

  691. </dd>

  692. </dl>

  693. 

  694. <p>This command attempts to read all accessible memory regions in the

  695. specified range.  First, all regions marked as unreadable in the memory

  696. map (if one is defined) will be skipped.  See <a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">Memory Region Attributes</a>.  Second, <small>GDB</small> will attempt to read the remaining

  697. regions.  For each one, if reading full region results in an errors,

  698. <small>GDB</small> will try to read a subset of the region.

  699. </p>

  700. <p>In general, every single memory unit in the region may be readable or not,

  701. and the only way to read every readable unit is to try a read at

  702. every address, which is not practical.   Therefore, <small>GDB</small> will

  703. attempt to read all accessible memory units at either beginning or the end

  704. of the region, using a binary division scheme.  This heuristic works

  705. well for reading across a memory map boundary.  Note that if a region

  706. has a readable range that is neither at the beginning or the end,

  707. <small>GDB</small> will not read it.

  708. </p>

  709. <p>The result record (see <a href="GDB_002fMI-Result-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Result-Records">GDB/MI Result Records</a>) that is output of

  710. the command includes a field named &lsquo;<samp>memory</samp>&rsquo; whose content is a

  711. list of tuples.  Each tuple represent a successfully read memory block

  712. and has the following fields:

  713. </p>

  714. <dl compact="compact">

  715. <dt><code>begin</code></dt>

  716. <dd><p>The start address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.

  717. </p>

  718. </dd>

  719. <dt><code>end</code></dt>

  720. <dd><p>The end address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.

  721. </p>

  722. </dd>

  723. <dt><code>offset</code></dt>

  724. <dd><p>The offset of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal, relative to

  725. the start address passed to <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code>.

  726. </p>

  727. </dd>

  728. <dt><code>contents</code></dt>

  729. <dd><p>The contents of the memory block, in hex.

  730. </p>

  731. </dd>

  732. </dl>

  733. 

  734. 

  735. 

  736. <a name="GDB-Command-52"></a>

  737. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  738. 

  739. <p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;.

  740. </p>

  741. <a name="Example-58"></a>

  742. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  743. 

  744. <div class="smallexample">

  745. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  746. -data-read-memory-bytes &amp;a 10

  747. ^done,memory=[{begin=&quot;0xbffff154&quot;,offset=&quot;0x00000000&quot;,

  748.               end=&quot;0xbffff15e&quot;,

  749.               contents=&quot;01000000020000000300&quot;}]

  750. (gdb)

  751. </pre></div>

  752. 

  753. 

  754. <a name="The-_002ddata_002dwrite_002dmemory_002dbytes-Command"></a>

  755. <h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-write-memory-bytes</code> Command</h4>

  756. <a name="index-_002ddata_002dwrite_002dmemory_002dbytes"></a>

  757. 

  758. <a name="Synopsis-71"></a>

  759. <h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

  760. 

  761. <div class="smallexample">

  762. <pre class="smallexample"> -data-write-memory-bytes <var>address</var> <var>contents</var>

  763.  -data-write-memory-bytes <var>address</var> <var>contents</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>count</var><span class="roman">]</span>

  764. </pre></div>

  765. 

  766. <p>where:

  767. </p>

  768. <dl compact="compact">

  769. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  770. <dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first addressable memory unit

  771. to be written.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should

  772. be quoted using the C convention.

  773. </p>

  774. </dd>

  775. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>contents</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  776. <dd><p>The hex-encoded data to write.  It is an error if <var>contents</var> does

  777. not represent an integral number of addressable memory units.

  778. </p>

  779. </dd>

  780. <dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>count</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>

  781. <dd><p>Optional argument indicating the number of addressable memory units to be

  782. written.  If <var>count</var> is greater than <var>contents</var>&rsquo; length,

  783. <small>GDB</small> will repeatedly write <var>contents</var> until it fills

  784. <var>count</var> memory units.

  785. </p>

  786. </dd>

  787. </dl>

  788. 

  789. <a name="GDB-Command-53"></a>

  790. <h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

  791. 

  792. <p>There&rsquo;s no corresponding <small>GDB</small> command.

  793. </p>

  794. <a name="Example-59"></a>

  795. <h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

  796. 

  797. <div class="smallexample">

  798. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  799. -data-write-memory-bytes &amp;a &quot;aabbccdd&quot;

  800. ^done

  801. (gdb)

  802. </pre></div>

  803. 

  804. <div class="smallexample">

  805. <pre class="smallexample">(gdb)

  806. -data-write-memory-bytes &amp;a &quot;aabbccdd&quot; 16e

  807. ^done

  808. (gdb)

  809. </pre></div>

  810. 

  811. <hr>

  812. <div class="header">

  813. <p>

  814. Next: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands</a>, Previous: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects" accesskey="p" rel="prev">GDB/MI Variable Objects</a>, Up: <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI" accesskey="u" rel="up">GDB/MI</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  815. </div>

  816. 

  817. 

  818. 

  819. </body>

  820. </html>