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  47. <a name="Stdlib"></a>
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  53. <a name="Standard-Utility-Functions-_0028stdlib_002eh_0029"></a>
  54. <h2 class="chapter">2 Standard Utility Functions (<samp>stdlib.h</samp>)</h2>
  55. <p>This chapter groups utility functions useful in a variety of programs.
  56. The corresponding declarations are in the header file <samp>stdlib.h</samp>.
  57. </p>
  58. <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
  59. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="_005fExit.html#g_t_005fExit" accesskey="1">_Exit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">End program execution without cleaning up
  60. </td></tr>
  61. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="a64l.html#a64l" accesskey="2">a64l</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to long long
  62. </td></tr>
  63. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="abort.html#abort" accesskey="3">abort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Abnormal termination of a program
  64. </td></tr>
  65. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="abs.html#abs" accesskey="4">abs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer absolute value (magnitude)
  66. </td></tr>
  67. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="assert.html#assert" accesskey="5">assert</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Macro for Debugging Diagnostics
  68. </td></tr>
  69. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="atexit.html#atexit" accesskey="6">atexit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Request execution of functions at program exit
  70. </td></tr>
  71. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="atof.html#atof" accesskey="7">atof</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to double or float
  72. </td></tr>
  73. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="atoi.html#atoi" accesskey="8">atoi</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to integer
  74. </td></tr>
  75. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="atoll.html#atoll" accesskey="9">atoll</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to long long
  76. </td></tr>
  77. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="bsearch.html#bsearch">bsearch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Binary search
  78. </td></tr>
  79. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="calloc.html#calloc">calloc</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Allocate space for arrays
  80. </td></tr>
  81. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="div.html#div">div</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Divide two integers
  82. </td></tr>
  83. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="ecvtbuf.html#ecvtbuf">ecvtbuf</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double or float to string of digits
  84. </td></tr>
  85. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="ecvt.html#ecvt">ecvt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Double or float to string of digits (malloc result)
  86. </td></tr>
  87. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="_005f_005fenv_005flock.html#g_t_005f_005fenv_005flock">__env_lock</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lock environment list for getenv and setenv
  88. </td></tr>
  89. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="gcvt.html#gcvt">gcvt</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Format double or float as string
  90. </td></tr>
  91. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="exit.html#exit">exit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">End program execution
  92. </td></tr>
  93. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="getenv.html#getenv">getenv</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Look up environment variable
  94. </td></tr>
  95. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="itoa.html#itoa">itoa</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Integer to string
  96. </td></tr>
  97. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="labs.html#labs">labs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Long integer absolute value (magnitude)
  98. </td></tr>
  99. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="ldiv.html#ldiv">ldiv</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Divide two long integers
  100. </td></tr>
  101. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="llabs.html#llabs">llabs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Long long integer absolute value (magnitude)
  102. </td></tr>
  103. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="lldiv.html#lldiv">lldiv</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Divide two long long integers
  104. </td></tr>
  105. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="malloc.html#malloc">malloc</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Allocate and manage memory (malloc, realloc, free)
  106. </td></tr>
  107. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="mallinfo.html#mallinfo">mallinfo</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Get information about allocated memory
  108. </td></tr>
  109. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="_005f_005fmalloc_005flock.html#g_t_005f_005fmalloc_005flock">__malloc_lock</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Lock memory pool for malloc and free
  110. </td></tr>
  111. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="mbsrtowcs.html#mbsrtowcs">mbsrtowcs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert a character string to a wide-character string
  112. </td></tr>
  113. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="mbstowcs.html#mbstowcs">mbstowcs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimal multibyte string to wide string converter
  114. </td></tr>
  115. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="mblen.html#mblen">mblen</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimal multibyte length
  116. </td></tr>
  117. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="mbtowc.html#mbtowc">mbtowc</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimal multibyte to wide character converter
  118. </td></tr>
  119. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="on_005fexit.html#on_005fexit">on_exit</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Request execution of functions at program exit
  120. </td></tr>
  121. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="qsort.html#qsort">qsort</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Array sort
  122. </td></tr>
  123. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="rand.html#rand">rand</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Pseudo-random numbers
  124. </td></tr>
  125. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="random.html#random">random</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Pseudo-random numbers
  126. </td></tr>
  127. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="rand48.html#rand48">rand48</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers
  128. </td></tr>
  129. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="rpmatch.html#rpmatch">rpmatch</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Determine whether response is affirmative or negative
  130. </td></tr>
  131. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="strtod.html#strtod">strtod</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to double or float
  132. </td></tr>
  133. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="strtol.html#strtol">strtol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to long
  134. </td></tr>
  135. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="strtoll.html#strtoll">strtoll</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to long long
  136. </td></tr>
  137. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="strtoul.html#strtoul">strtoul</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to unsigned long
  138. </td></tr>
  139. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="strtoull.html#strtoull">strtoull</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">String to unsigned long long
  140. </td></tr>
  141. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcsrtombs.html#wcsrtombs">wcsrtombs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Convert a wide-character string to a character string
  142. </td></tr>
  143. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstod.html#wcstod">wcstod</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Wide string to double or float
  144. </td></tr>
  145. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstol.html#wcstol">wcstol</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Wide string to long
  146. </td></tr>
  147. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstoll.html#wcstoll">wcstoll</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Wide string to long long
  148. </td></tr>
  149. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstoul.html#wcstoul">wcstoul</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Wide string to unsigned long
  150. </td></tr>
  151. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstoull.html#wcstoull">wcstoull</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Wide string to unsigned long long
  152. </td></tr>
  153. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="system.html#system">system</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Execute command string
  154. </td></tr>
  155. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="utoa.html#utoa">utoa</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Unsigned integer to string
  156. </td></tr>
  157. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wcstombs.html#wcstombs">wcstombs</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimal wide string to multibyte string converter
  158. </td></tr>
  159. <tr><td align="left" valign="top">&bull; <a href="wctomb.html#wctomb">wctomb</a>:</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">Minimal wide character to multibyte converter
  160. </td></tr>
  161. </table>
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