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  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

  2. <html>

  3. <!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".

  4. 

  5. Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

  6. 

  7. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

  8. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3

  9. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

  10. with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no

  11. Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the

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  15. <head>

  16. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

  17. <title>M68HC11-Syntax (Using as)</title>

  18. 

  19. <meta name="description" content="M68HC11-Syntax (Using as)">

  20. <meta name="keywords" content="M68HC11-Syntax (Using as)">

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  25. <link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index">

  26. <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">

  27. <link href="M68HC11_002dDependent.html#M68HC11_002dDependent" rel="up" title="M68HC11-Dependent">

  28. <link href="M68HC11_002dModifiers.html#M68HC11_002dModifiers" rel="next" title="M68HC11-Modifiers">

  29. <link href="M68HC11_002dOpts.html#M68HC11_002dOpts" rel="prev" title="M68HC11-Opts">

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  56. </style>

  57. 

  58. 

  59. </head>

  60. 

  61. <body lang="en">

  62. <a name="M68HC11_002dSyntax"></a>

  63. <div class="header">

  64. <p>

  65. Next: <a href="M68HC11_002dModifiers.html#M68HC11_002dModifiers" accesskey="n" rel="next">M68HC11-Modifiers</a>, Previous: <a href="M68HC11_002dOpts.html#M68HC11_002dOpts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">M68HC11-Opts</a>, Up: <a href="M68HC11_002dDependent.html#M68HC11_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">M68HC11-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  66. </div>

  67. <hr>

  68. <a name="Syntax-18"></a>

  69. <h4 class="subsection">9.23.2 Syntax</h4>

  70. 

  71. <a name="index-M68HC11-syntax"></a>

  72. <a name="index-syntax_002c-M68HC11"></a>

  73. 

  74. <p>In the M68HC11 syntax, the instruction name comes first and it may

  75. be followed by one or several operands (up to three). Operands are

  76. separated by comma (&lsquo;<samp>,</samp>&rsquo;). In the normal mode,

  77. <code>as</code> will complain if too many operands are specified for

  78. a given instruction. In the MRI mode (turned on with &lsquo;<samp>-M</samp>&rsquo; option),

  79. it will treat them as comments. Example:

  80. </p>

  81. <div class="smallexample">

  82. <pre class="smallexample">inx

  83. lda  #23

  84. bset 2,x #4

  85. brclr *bot #8 foo

  86. </pre></div>

  87. 

  88. <a name="index-line-comment-character_002c-M68HC11"></a>

  89. <a name="index-M68HC11-line-comment-character"></a>

  90. <p>The presence of a &lsquo;<samp>;</samp>&rsquo; character or a &lsquo;<samp>!</samp>&rsquo; character anywhere

  91. on a line indicates the start of a comment that extends to the end of

  92. that line.

  93. </p>

  94. <p>A &lsquo;<samp>*</samp>&rsquo; or a &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; character at the start of a line also

  95. introduces a line comment, but these characters do not work elsewhere

  96. on the line.  If the first character of the line is a &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; then as

  97. well as starting a comment, the line could also be logical line number

  98. directive (see <a href="Comments.html#Comments">Comments</a>) or a preprocessor control command

  99. (see <a href="Preprocessing.html#Preprocessing">Preprocessing</a>).

  100. </p>

  101. <a name="index-line-separator_002c-M68HC11"></a>

  102. <a name="index-statement-separator_002c-M68HC11"></a>

  103. <a name="index-M68HC11-line-separator"></a>

  104. <p>The M68HC11 assembler does not currently support a line separator

  105. character.

  106. </p>

  107. <a name="index-M68HC11-addressing-modes"></a>

  108. <a name="index-addressing-modes_002c-M68HC11"></a>

  109. <p>The following addressing modes are understood for 68HC11 and 68HC12:

  110. </p><dl compact="compact">

  111. <dt><em>Immediate</em></dt>

  112. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp>#<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;

  113. </p>

  114. </dd>

  115. <dt><em>Address Register</em></dt>

  116. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,Y</samp>&rsquo;

  117. </p>

  118. <p>The <var>number</var> may be omitted in which case 0 is assumed.

  119. </p>

  120. </dd>

  121. <dt><em>Direct Addressing mode</em></dt>

  122. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp>*<var>symbol</var></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp>*<var>digits</var></samp>&rsquo;

  123. </p>

  124. </dd>

  125. <dt><em>Absolute</em></dt>

  126. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp><var>symbol</var></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><var>digits</var></samp>&rsquo;

  127. </p></dd>

  128. </dl>

  129. 

  130. <p>The M68HC12 has other more complex addressing modes. All of them

  131. are supported and they are represented below:

  132. </p>

  133. <dl compact="compact">

  134. <dt><em>Constant Offset Indexed Addressing Mode</em></dt>

  135. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,<var>reg</var></samp>&rsquo;

  136. </p>

  137. <p>The <var>number</var> may be omitted in which case 0 is assumed.

  138. The register can be either &lsquo;<samp>X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>SP</samp>&rsquo; or

  139. &lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;.  The assembler will use the smaller post-byte definition

  140. according to the constant value (5-bit constant offset, 9-bit constant

  141. offset or 16-bit constant offset).  If the constant is not known by

  142. the assembler it will use the 16-bit constant offset post-byte and the value

  143. will be resolved at link time.

  144. </p>

  145. </dd>

  146. <dt><em>Offset Indexed Indirect</em></dt>

  147. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp>[<var>number</var>,<var>reg</var>]</samp>&rsquo;

  148. </p>

  149. <p>The register can be either &lsquo;<samp>X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>SP</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;.

  150. </p>

  151. </dd>

  152. <dt><em>Auto Pre-Increment/Pre-Decrement/Post-Increment/Post-Decrement</em></dt>

  153. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,-<var>reg</var></samp>&rsquo;

  154. &lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,+<var>reg</var></samp>&rsquo;

  155. &lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,<var>reg</var>-</samp>&rsquo;

  156. &lsquo;<samp><var>number</var>,<var>reg</var>+</samp>&rsquo;

  157. </p>

  158. <p>The number must be in the range &lsquo;<samp>-8</samp>&rsquo;..&lsquo;<samp>+8</samp>&rsquo; and must not be 0.

  159. The register can be either &lsquo;<samp>X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>SP</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;.

  160. </p>

  161. </dd>

  162. <dt><em>Accumulator Offset</em></dt>

  163. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp><var>acc</var>,<var>reg</var></samp>&rsquo;

  164. </p>

  165. <p>The accumulator register can be either &lsquo;<samp>A</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>B</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>D</samp>&rsquo;.

  166. The register can be either &lsquo;<samp>X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>SP</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;.

  167. </p>

  168. </dd>

  169. <dt><em>Accumulator D offset indexed-indirect</em></dt>

  170. <dd><p>&lsquo;<samp>[D,<var>reg</var>]</samp>&rsquo;

  171. </p>

  172. <p>The register can be either &lsquo;<samp>X</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Y</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>SP</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;.

  173. </p>

  174. </dd>

  175. </dl>

  176. 

  177. <p>For example:

  178. </p>

  179. <div class="smallexample">

  180. <pre class="smallexample">ldab 1024,sp

  181. ldd [10,x]

  182. orab 3,+x

  183. stab -2,y-

  184. ldx a,pc

  185. sty [d,sp]

  186. </pre></div>

  187. 

  188. 

  189. <hr>

  190. <div class="header">

  191. <p>

  192. Next: <a href="M68HC11_002dModifiers.html#M68HC11_002dModifiers" accesskey="n" rel="next">M68HC11-Modifiers</a>, Previous: <a href="M68HC11_002dOpts.html#M68HC11_002dOpts" accesskey="p" rel="prev">M68HC11-Opts</a>, Up: <a href="M68HC11_002dDependent.html#M68HC11_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">M68HC11-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  193. </div>

  194. 

  195. 

  196. 

  197. </body>

  198. </html>