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  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

  2. <html>

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  17. A GNU Manual

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  70. 

  71. <body lang="en">

  72. <a name="Internal"></a>

  73. <div class="header">

  74. <p>

  75. Next: <a href="File-Caching.html#File-Caching" accesskey="n" rel="next">File Caching</a>, Previous: <a href="Opening-and-Closing.html#Opening-and-Closing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Opening and Closing</a>, Up: <a href="BFD-front-end.html#BFD-front-end" accesskey="u" rel="up">BFD front end</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="BFD-Index.html#BFD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  76. </div>

  77. <hr>

  78. <a name="Implementation-details"></a>

  79. <h3 class="section">2.15 Implementation details</h3>

  80. 

  81. 

  82. <a name="Internal-functions"></a>

  83. <h4 class="subsection">2.15.1 Internal functions</h4>

  84. 

  85. 

  86. <p><strong>Description</strong><br>

  87. These routines are used within BFD.

  88. They are not intended for export, but are documented here for

  89. completeness.

  90. </p>

  91. <a name="index-bfd_005fwrite_005fbigendian_005f4byte_005fint"></a>

  92. <a name="bfd_005fwrite_005fbigendian_005f4byte_005fint"></a>

  93. <h4 class="subsubsection">2.15.1.1 <code>bfd_write_bigendian_4byte_int</code></h4>

  94. <p><strong>Synopsis</strong>

  95. </p><div class="example">

  96. <pre class="example">bfd_boolean bfd_write_bigendian_4byte_int (bfd *, unsigned int);

  97. </pre></div>

  98. <p><strong>Description</strong><br>

  99. Write a 4 byte integer <var>i</var> to the output BFD <var>abfd</var>, in big

  100. endian order regardless of what else is going on.  This is useful in

  101. archives.

  102. </p>

  103. <a name="index-bfd_005fput_005fsize"></a>

  104. <a name="bfd_005fput_005fsize"></a>

  105. <h4 class="subsubsection">2.15.1.2 <code>bfd_put_size</code></h4>

  106. <a name="index-bfd_005fget_005fsize-1"></a>

  107. <a name="bfd_005fget_005fsize-1"></a>

  108. <h4 class="subsubsection">2.15.1.3 <code>bfd_get_size</code></h4>

  109. <p><strong>Description</strong><br>

  110. These macros as used for reading and writing raw data in

  111. sections; each access (except for bytes) is vectored through

  112. the target format of the BFD and mangled accordingly. The

  113. mangling performs any necessary endian translations and

  114. removes alignment restrictions.  Note that types accepted and

  115. returned by these macros are identical so they can be swapped

  116. around in macros&mdash;for example, <samp>libaout.h</samp> defines <code>GET_WORD</code>

  117. to either <code>bfd_get_32</code> or <code>bfd_get_64</code>.

  118. </p>

  119. <p>In the put routines, <var>val</var> must be a <code>bfd_vma</code>.  If we are on a

  120. system without prototypes, the caller is responsible for making

  121. sure that is true, with a cast if necessary.  We don&rsquo;t cast

  122. them in the macro definitions because that would prevent <code>lint</code>

  123. or <code>gcc -Wall</code> from detecting sins such as passing a pointer.

  124. To detect calling these with less than a <code>bfd_vma</code>, use

  125. <code>gcc -Wconversion</code> on a host with 64 bit <code>bfd_vma</code>&rsquo;s.

  126. </p><div class="example">

  127. <pre class="example">

  128. 

  129. /* Byte swapping macros for user section data.  */

  130. 

  131. #define bfd_put_8(abfd, val, ptr) \

  132.   ((void) (*((unsigned char *) (ptr)) = (val) &amp; 0xff))

  133. #define bfd_put_signed_8 \

  134.   bfd_put_8

  135. #define bfd_get_8(abfd, ptr) \

  136.   ((bfd_vma) *(const unsigned char *) (ptr) &amp; 0xff)

  137. #define bfd_get_signed_8(abfd, ptr) \

  138.   ((((bfd_signed_vma) *(const unsigned char *) (ptr) &amp; 0xff) ^ 0x80) - 0x80)

  139. 

  140. #define bfd_put_16(abfd, val, ptr) \

  141.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_putx16, ((val),(ptr)))

  142. #define bfd_put_signed_16 \

  143.   bfd_put_16

  144. #define bfd_get_16(abfd, ptr) \

  145.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx16, (ptr))

  146. #define bfd_get_signed_16(abfd, ptr) \

  147.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx_signed_16, (ptr))

  148. 

  149. #define bfd_put_24(abfd, val, ptr) \

  150.   do                                   \

  151.     if (bfd_big_endian (abfd))         \

  152.       bfd_putb24 ((val), (ptr));       \

  153.     else                               \

  154.       bfd_putl24 ((val), (ptr));       \

  155.   while (0)

  156. 

  157. bfd_vma bfd_getb24 (const void *p);

  158. bfd_vma bfd_getl24 (const void *p);

  159. 

  160. #define bfd_get_24(abfd, ptr) \

  161.   (bfd_big_endian (abfd) ? bfd_getb24 (ptr) : bfd_getl24 (ptr))

  162. 

  163. #define bfd_put_32(abfd, val, ptr) \

  164.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_putx32, ((val),(ptr)))

  165. #define bfd_put_signed_32 \

  166.   bfd_put_32

  167. #define bfd_get_32(abfd, ptr) \

  168.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx32, (ptr))

  169. #define bfd_get_signed_32(abfd, ptr) \

  170.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx_signed_32, (ptr))

  171. 

  172. #define bfd_put_64(abfd, val, ptr) \

  173.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_putx64, ((val), (ptr)))

  174. #define bfd_put_signed_64 \

  175.   bfd_put_64

  176. #define bfd_get_64(abfd, ptr) \

  177.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx64, (ptr))

  178. #define bfd_get_signed_64(abfd, ptr) \

  179.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_getx_signed_64, (ptr))

  180. 

  181. #define bfd_get(bits, abfd, ptr)                       \

  182.   ((bits) == 8 ? bfd_get_8 (abfd, ptr)                 \

  183.    : (bits) == 16 ? bfd_get_16 (abfd, ptr)             \

  184.    : (bits) == 32 ? bfd_get_32 (abfd, ptr)             \

  185.    : (bits) == 64 ? bfd_get_64 (abfd, ptr)             \

  186.    : (abort (), (bfd_vma) - 1))

  187. 

  188. #define bfd_put(bits, abfd, val, ptr)                  \

  189.   ((bits) == 8 ? bfd_put_8  (abfd, val, ptr)           \

  190.    : (bits) == 16 ? bfd_put_16 (abfd, val, ptr)        \

  191.    : (bits) == 32 ? bfd_put_32 (abfd, val, ptr)        \

  192.    : (bits) == 64 ? bfd_put_64 (abfd, val, ptr)        \

  193.    : (abort (), (void) 0))

  194. 

  195. </pre></div>

  196. 

  197. <a name="index-bfd_005fh_005fput_005fsize"></a>

  198. <a name="bfd_005fh_005fput_005fsize"></a>

  199. <h4 class="subsubsection">2.15.1.4 <code>bfd_h_put_size</code></h4>

  200. <p><strong>Description</strong><br>

  201. These macros have the same function as their <code>bfd_get_x</code>

  202. brethren, except that they are used for removing information

  203. for the header records of object files. Believe it or not,

  204. some object files keep their header records in big endian

  205. order and their data in little endian order.

  206. </p><div class="example">

  207. <pre class="example">

  208. 

  209. /* Byte swapping macros for file header data.  */

  210. 

  211. #define bfd_h_put_8(abfd, val, ptr) \

  212.   bfd_put_8 (abfd, val, ptr)

  213. #define bfd_h_put_signed_8(abfd, val, ptr) \

  214.   bfd_put_8 (abfd, val, ptr)

  215. #define bfd_h_get_8(abfd, ptr) \

  216.   bfd_get_8 (abfd, ptr)

  217. #define bfd_h_get_signed_8(abfd, ptr) \

  218.   bfd_get_signed_8 (abfd, ptr)

  219. 

  220. #define bfd_h_put_16(abfd, val, ptr) \

  221.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_putx16, (val, ptr))

  222. #define bfd_h_put_signed_16 \

  223.   bfd_h_put_16

  224. #define bfd_h_get_16(abfd, ptr) \

  225.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx16, (ptr))

  226. #define bfd_h_get_signed_16(abfd, ptr) \

  227.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx_signed_16, (ptr))

  228. 

  229. #define bfd_h_put_32(abfd, val, ptr) \

  230.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_putx32, (val, ptr))

  231. #define bfd_h_put_signed_32 \

  232.   bfd_h_put_32

  233. #define bfd_h_get_32(abfd, ptr) \

  234.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx32, (ptr))

  235. #define bfd_h_get_signed_32(abfd, ptr) \

  236.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx_signed_32, (ptr))

  237. 

  238. #define bfd_h_put_64(abfd, val, ptr) \

  239.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_putx64, (val, ptr))

  240. #define bfd_h_put_signed_64 \

  241.   bfd_h_put_64

  242. #define bfd_h_get_64(abfd, ptr) \

  243.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx64, (ptr))

  244. #define bfd_h_get_signed_64(abfd, ptr) \

  245.   BFD_SEND (abfd, bfd_h_getx_signed_64, (ptr))

  246. 

  247. /* Aliases for the above, which should eventually go away.  */

  248. 

  249. #define H_PUT_64  bfd_h_put_64

  250. #define H_PUT_32  bfd_h_put_32

  251. #define H_PUT_16  bfd_h_put_16

  252. #define H_PUT_8   bfd_h_put_8

  253. #define H_PUT_S64 bfd_h_put_signed_64

  254. #define H_PUT_S32 bfd_h_put_signed_32

  255. #define H_PUT_S16 bfd_h_put_signed_16

  256. #define H_PUT_S8  bfd_h_put_signed_8

  257. #define H_GET_64  bfd_h_get_64

  258. #define H_GET_32  bfd_h_get_32

  259. #define H_GET_16  bfd_h_get_16

  260. #define H_GET_8   bfd_h_get_8

  261. #define H_GET_S64 bfd_h_get_signed_64

  262. #define H_GET_S32 bfd_h_get_signed_32

  263. #define H_GET_S16 bfd_h_get_signed_16

  264. #define H_GET_S8  bfd_h_get_signed_8

  265. 

  266. 

  267. </pre></div>

  268. 

  269. <a name="index-bfd_005flog2"></a>

  270. <a name="bfd_005flog2"></a>

  271. <h4 class="subsubsection">2.15.1.5 <code>bfd_log2</code></h4>

  272. <p><strong>Synopsis</strong>

  273. </p><div class="example">

  274. <pre class="example">unsigned int bfd_log2 (bfd_vma x);

  275. </pre></div>

  276. <p><strong>Description</strong><br>

  277. Return the log base 2 of the value supplied, rounded up.  E.g., an

  278. <var>x</var> of 1025 returns 11.  A <var>x</var> of 0 returns 0.

  279. </p>

  280. 

  281. <hr>

  282. <div class="header">

  283. <p>

  284. Next: <a href="File-Caching.html#File-Caching" accesskey="n" rel="next">File Caching</a>, Previous: <a href="Opening-and-Closing.html#Opening-and-Closing" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Opening and Closing</a>, Up: <a href="BFD-front-end.html#BFD-front-end" accesskey="u" rel="up">BFD front end</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="BFD-Index.html#BFD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  285. </div>

  286. 

  287. 

  288. 

  289. </body>

  290. </html>