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  67. <a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1"></a>
  68. <h2 class="unnumbered">GNU Free Documentation License</h2>
  69. <a name="index-FDL_002c-GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>
  70. <div align="center">Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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  72. <div class="display">
  73. <pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  74. <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
  75. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  76. of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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  78. <ol start="0">
  79. <li> PREAMBLE
  80. <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  81. functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
  82. assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  83. with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  84. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  85. to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  86. for modifications made by others.
  87. </p>
  88. <p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
  89. works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
  90. complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  91. license designed for free software.
  92. </p>
  93. <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  94. software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  95. program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  96. software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  97. it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  98. whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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  100. </p>
  101. </li><li> APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  102. <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  103. contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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  107. refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
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  109. copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
  110. under copyright law.
  111. </p>
  112. <p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
  113. Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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  115. </p>
  116. <p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
  117. of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  118. publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&rsquo;s overall
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  127. <p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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  135. <p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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  139. </p>
  140. <p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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  165. </p>
  166. <p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
  167. plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
  168. this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
  169. formats which do not have any title page as such, &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means
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  171. preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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  180. &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.) To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
  181. of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
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  184. <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
  185. states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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  191. </li><li> VERBATIM COPYING
  192. <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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  204. </p>
  205. </li><li> COPYING IN QUANTITY
  206. <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
  207. printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  208. Document&rsquo;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
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  215. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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  217. as verbatim copying in other respects.
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  224. <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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  229. a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
  230. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
  231. when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
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  235. edition to the public.
  236. </p>
  237. <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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  240. </p>
  241. </li><li> MODIFICATIONS
  242. <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  243. the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  244. the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  245. Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  246. and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  247. of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  248. </p>
  249. <ol type="A" start="1">
  250. <li> Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  251. from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  252. (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  253. of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
  254. if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
  255. </li><li> List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  256. responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  257. Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  258. Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
  259. unless they release you from this requirement.
  260. </li><li> State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  261. Modified Version, as the publisher.
  262. </li><li> Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  263. </li><li> Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  264. adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  265. </li><li> Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  266. giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  267. terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  268. </li><li> Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  269. and required Cover Texts given in the Document&rsquo;s license notice.
  270. </li><li> Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  271. </li><li> Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
  272. to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  273. publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
  274. there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
  275. stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  276. given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  277. Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  278. </li><li> Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  279. public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  280. the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  281. it was based on. These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
  282. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  283. least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  284. publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  285. </li><li> For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
  286. the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
  287. substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
  288. dedications given therein.
  289. </li><li> Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  290. unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
  291. or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
  292. </li><li> Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;. Such a section
  293. may not be included in the Modified Version.
  294. </li><li> Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
  295. to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  296. </li><li> Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  297. </li></ol>
  298. <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  299. appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  300. copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  301. of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
  302. list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&rsquo;s license notice.
  303. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
  304. </p>
  305. <p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
  306. nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  307. parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  308. been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  309. standard.
  310. </p>
  311. <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  312. passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  313. of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
  314. Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
  315. through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
  316. includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
  317. by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
  318. you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  319. permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  320. </p>
  321. <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  322. give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  323. imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  324. </p>
  325. </li><li> COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  326. <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  327. License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  328. versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  329. Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  330. list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  331. license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  332. </p>
  333. <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  334. multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  335. copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  336. different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  337. adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  338. author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  339. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  340. Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
  341. </p>
  342. <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
  343. in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
  344. &ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
  345. and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;. You must delete all
  346. sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
  347. </p>
  348. </li><li> COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  349. <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  350. released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  351. License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
  352. the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
  353. verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  354. </p>
  355. <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
  356. it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
  357. License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
  358. other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  359. </p>
  360. </li><li> AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  361. <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  362. and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  363. distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
  364. resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
  365. of the compilation&rsquo;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
  366. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
  367. apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
  368. derivative works of the Document.
  369. </p>
  370. <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  371. copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
  372. the entire aggregate, the Document&rsquo;s Cover Texts may be placed on
  373. covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
  374. electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
  375. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
  376. aggregate.
  377. </p>
  378. </li><li> TRANSLATION
  379. <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  380. distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  381. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  382. permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  383. translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  384. original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
  385. translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
  386. Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
  387. the original English version of this License and the original versions
  388. of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
  389. the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
  390. or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  391. </p>
  392. <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
  393. &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
  394. its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
  395. title.
  396. </p>
  397. </li><li> TERMINATION
  398. <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
  399. except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
  400. otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
  401. will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
  402. </p>
  403. <p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
  404. from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
  405. unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
  406. terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
  407. fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
  408. 60 days after the cessation.
  409. </p>
  410. <p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
  411. reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
  412. violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
  413. received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
  414. copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
  415. your receipt of the notice.
  416. </p>
  417. <p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
  418. licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
  419. this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
  420. reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
  421. not give you any rights to use it.
  422. </p>
  423. </li><li> FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  424. <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
  425. of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
  426. versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
  427. differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
  428. <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
  429. </p>
  430. <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  431. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  432. License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
  433. following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  434. of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  435. Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
  436. number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  437. as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
  438. specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
  439. License can be used, that proxy&rsquo;s public statement of acceptance of a
  440. version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
  441. Document.
  442. </p>
  443. </li><li> RELICENSING
  444. <p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
  445. World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
  446. provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
  447. public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
  448. &ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
  449. site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
  450. site.
  451. </p>
  452. <p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
  453. license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
  454. corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
  455. California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
  456. published by that same organization.
  457. </p>
  458. <p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
  459. in part, as part of another Document.
  460. </p>
  461. <p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
  462. License, and if all works that were first published under this License
  463. somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
  464. or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
  465. and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
  466. </p>
  467. <p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
  468. under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
  469. provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
  470. </p>
  471. </li></ol>
  472. <a name="ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents"></a>
  473. <h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
  474. <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  475. the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  476. license notices just after the title page:
  477. </p>
  478. <div class="smallexample">
  479. <pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>.
  480. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  481. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
  482. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  483. with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  484. Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  485. Free Documentation License''.
  486. </pre></div>
  487. <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
  488. replace the &ldquo;with...Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
  489. </p>
  490. <div class="smallexample">
  491. <pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
  492. the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
  493. being <var>list</var>.
  494. </pre></div>
  495. <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  496. combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  497. situation.
  498. </p>
  499. <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  500. recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  501. free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
  502. to permit their use in free software.
  503. </p>
  504. <hr>
  505. <div class="header">
  506. <p>
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