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<a name="Interpreters"></a>
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<hr>
<a name="Command-Interpreters"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">24 Command Interpreters</h2>
<a name="index-command-interpreters"></a>

<p><small>GDB</small> supports multiple command interpreters, and some command
infrastructure to allow users or user interface writers to switch
between interpreters or run commands in other interpreters.
</p>
<p><small>GDB</small> currently supports two command interpreters, the console
interpreter (sometimes called the command-line interpreter or <small>CLI</small>)
and the machine interface interpreter (or <small>GDB/MI</small>).  This manual
describes both of these interfaces in great detail.
</p>
<p>By default, <small>GDB</small> will start with the console interpreter.
However, the user may choose to start <small>GDB</small> with another
interpreter by specifying the <samp>-i</samp> or <samp>--interpreter</samp>
startup options.  Defined interpreters include:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>console</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-console-interpreter"></a>
<p>The traditional console or command-line interpreter.  This is the most often
used interpreter with <small>GDB</small>. With no interpreter specified at runtime,
<small>GDB</small> will use this interpreter.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>mi</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mi-interpreter"></a>
<p>The newest <small>GDB/MI</small> interface (currently <code>mi3</code>).  Used primarily
by programs wishing to use <small>GDB</small> as a backend for a debugger GUI
or an IDE.  For more information, see <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI">The <small>GDB/MI</small>
Interface</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>mi3</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mi3-interpreter"></a>
<p>The <small>GDB/MI</small> interface introduced in <small>GDB</small> 9.1.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>mi2</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mi2-interpreter"></a>
<p>The <small>GDB/MI</small> interface introduced in <small>GDB</small> 6.0.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>mi1</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mi1-interpreter"></a>
<p>The <small>GDB/MI</small> interface introduced in <small>GDB</small> 5.1.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<a name="index-invoke-another-interpreter"></a>

<a name="index-interpreter_002dexec"></a>
<p>You may execute commands in any interpreter from the current
interpreter using the appropriate command.  If you are running the
console interpreter, simply use the <code>interpreter-exec</code> command:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">interpreter-exec mi &quot;-data-list-register-names&quot;
</pre></div>

<p><small>GDB/MI</small> has a similar command, although it is only available in versions of
<small>GDB</small> which support <small>GDB/MI</small> version 2 (or greater).
</p>
<p>Note that <code>interpreter-exec</code> only changes the interpreter for the
duration of the specified command.  It does not change the interpreter
permanently.
</p>
<a name="index-start-a-new-independent-interpreter"></a>

<p>Although you may only choose a single interpreter at startup, it is
possible to run an independent interpreter on a specified input/output
device (usually a tty).
</p>
<p>For example, consider a debugger GUI or IDE that wants to provide a
<small>GDB</small> console view.  It may do so by embedding a terminal
emulator widget in its GUI, starting <small>GDB</small> in the traditional
command-line mode with stdin/stdout/stderr redirected to that
terminal, and then creating an MI interpreter running on a specified
input/output device.  The console interpreter created by <small>GDB</small>
at startup handles commands the user types in the terminal widget,
while the GUI controls and synchronizes state with <small>GDB</small> using
the separate MI interpreter.
</p>
<p>To start a new secondary <em>user interface</em> running MI, use the
<code>new-ui</code> command:
</p>
<a name="index-new_002dui"></a>
<a name="index-new-user-interface"></a>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">new-ui <var>interpreter</var> <var>tty</var>
</pre></div>

<p>The <var>interpreter</var> parameter specifies the interpreter to run.
This accepts the same values as the <code>interpreter-exec</code> command.
For example, &lsquo;<samp>console</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>mi</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>mi2</samp>&rsquo;, etc.  The
<var>tty</var> parameter specifies the name of the bidirectional file the
interpreter uses for input/output, usually the name of a
pseudoterminal slave on Unix systems.  For example:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) new-ui mi /dev/pts/9
</pre></div>

<p>runs an MI interpreter on <samp>/dev/pts/9</samp>.
</p>
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