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toolchain-gcc-arm-embedded/share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/html/ld.html/Output-Section-Data.html

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  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

  2. <html>

  3. <!-- This file documents the GNU linker LD

  4. (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major)

  5. version 2.35.1.

  6. 

  7. Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

  8. 

  9. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

  10. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3

  11. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

  12. with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no

  13. Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the

  14. section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". -->

  15. <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->

  16. <head>

  17. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

  18. <title>Output Section Data (LD)</title>

  19. 

  20. <meta name="description" content="Output Section Data (LD)">

  21. <meta name="keywords" content="Output Section Data (LD)">

  22. <meta name="resource-type" content="document">

  23. <meta name="distribution" content="global">

  24. <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">

  25. <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">

  26. <link href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" rel="index" title="LD Index">

  27. <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">

  28. <link href="SECTIONS.html#SECTIONS" rel="up" title="SECTIONS">

  29. <link href="Output-Section-Keywords.html#Output-Section-Keywords" rel="next" title="Output Section Keywords">

  30. <link href="Input-Section-Example.html#Input-Section-Example" rel="prev" title="Input Section Example">

  31. <style type="text/css">

  32. <!--

  33. a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}

  34. blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}

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  37. div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}

  38. div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}

  39. div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}

  40. div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}

  41. div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}

  42. div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}

  43. kbd {font-style: oblique}

  44. pre.display {font-family: inherit}

  45. pre.format {font-family: inherit}

  46. pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}

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  51. pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}

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  55. ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}

  56. -->

  57. </style>

  58. 

  59. 

  60. </head>

  61. 

  62. <body lang="en">

  63. <a name="Output-Section-Data"></a>

  64. <div class="header">

  65. <p>

  66. Next: <a href="Output-Section-Keywords.html#Output-Section-Keywords" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output Section Keywords</a>, Previous: <a href="Input-Section.html#Input-Section" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input Section</a>, Up: <a href="SECTIONS.html#SECTIONS" accesskey="u" rel="up">SECTIONS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  67. </div>

  68. <hr>

  69. <a name="Output-Section-Data-1"></a>

  70. <h4 class="subsection">3.6.5 Output Section Data</h4>

  71. <a name="index-data"></a>

  72. <a name="index-section-data"></a>

  73. <a name="index-output-section-data"></a>

  74. <a name="index-BYTE_0028expression_0029"></a>

  75. <a name="index-SHORT_0028expression_0029"></a>

  76. <a name="index-LONG_0028expression_0029"></a>

  77. <a name="index-QUAD_0028expression_0029"></a>

  78. <a name="index-SQUAD_0028expression_0029"></a>

  79. <p>You can include explicit bytes of data in an output section by using

  80. <code>BYTE</code>, <code>SHORT</code>, <code>LONG</code>, <code>QUAD</code>, or <code>SQUAD</code> as

  81. an output section command.  Each keyword is followed by an expression in

  82. parentheses providing the value to store (see <a href="Expressions.html#Expressions">Expressions</a>).  The

  83. value of the expression is stored at the current value of the location

  84. counter.

  85. </p>

  86. <p>The <code>BYTE</code>, <code>SHORT</code>, <code>LONG</code>, and <code>QUAD</code> commands

  87. store one, two, four, and eight bytes (respectively).  After storing the

  88. bytes, the location counter is incremented by the number of bytes

  89. stored.

  90. </p>

  91. <p>For example, this will store the byte 1 followed by the four byte value

  92. of the symbol &lsquo;<samp>addr</samp>&rsquo;:

  93. </p><div class="smallexample">

  94. <pre class="smallexample">BYTE(1)

  95. LONG(addr)

  96. </pre></div>

  97. 

  98. <p>When using a 64 bit host or target, <code>QUAD</code> and <code>SQUAD</code> are the

  99. same; they both store an 8 byte, or 64 bit, value.  When both host and

  100. target are 32 bits, an expression is computed as 32 bits.  In this case

  101. <code>QUAD</code> stores a 32 bit value zero extended to 64 bits, and

  102. <code>SQUAD</code> stores a 32 bit value sign extended to 64 bits.

  103. </p>

  104. <p>If the object file format of the output file has an explicit endianness,

  105. which is the normal case, the value will be stored in that endianness.

  106. When the object file format does not have an explicit endianness, as is

  107. true of, for example, S-records, the value will be stored in the

  108. endianness of the first input object file.

  109. </p>

  110. <p>Note&mdash;these commands only work inside a section description and not

  111. between them, so the following will produce an error from the linker:

  112. </p><div class="smallexample">

  113. <pre class="smallexample">SECTIONS {&nbsp;.text : {&nbsp;*(.text) }&nbsp;LONG(1) .data : {&nbsp;*(.data) }&nbsp;}&nbsp;</pre></div>

  114. <p>whereas this will work:

  115. </p><div class="smallexample">

  116. <pre class="smallexample">SECTIONS {&nbsp;.text : {&nbsp;*(.text) ; LONG(1) }&nbsp;.data : {&nbsp;*(.data) }&nbsp;}&nbsp;</pre></div>

  117. 

  118. <a name="index-FILL_0028expression_0029"></a>

  119. <a name="index-holes_002c-filling"></a>

  120. <a name="index-unspecified-memory"></a>

  121. <p>You may use the <code>FILL</code> command to set the fill pattern for the

  122. current section.  It is followed by an expression in parentheses.  Any

  123. otherwise unspecified regions of memory within the section (for example,

  124. gaps left due to the required alignment of input sections) are filled

  125. with the value of the expression, repeated as

  126. necessary.  A <code>FILL</code> statement covers memory locations after the

  127. point at which it occurs in the section definition; by including more

  128. than one <code>FILL</code> statement, you can have different fill patterns in

  129. different parts of an output section.

  130. </p>

  131. <p>This example shows how to fill unspecified regions of memory with the

  132. value &lsquo;<samp>0x90</samp>&rsquo;:

  133. </p><div class="smallexample">

  134. <pre class="smallexample">FILL(0x90909090)

  135. </pre></div>

  136. 

  137. <p>The <code>FILL</code> command is similar to the &lsquo;<samp>=<var>fillexp</var></samp>&rsquo; output

  138. section attribute, but it only affects the

  139. part of the section following the <code>FILL</code> command, rather than the

  140. entire section.  If both are used, the <code>FILL</code> command takes

  141. precedence.  See <a href="Output-Section-Fill.html#Output-Section-Fill">Output Section Fill</a>, for details on the fill

  142. expression.

  143. </p>

  144. <hr>

  145. <div class="header">

  146. <p>

  147. Next: <a href="Output-Section-Keywords.html#Output-Section-Keywords" accesskey="n" rel="next">Output Section Keywords</a>, Previous: <a href="Input-Section.html#Input-Section" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Input Section</a>, Up: <a href="SECTIONS.html#SECTIONS" accesskey="u" rel="up">SECTIONS</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="LD-Index.html#LD-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>

  148. </div>

  149. 

  150. 

  151. 

  152. </body>

  153. </html>